Spatiotemporal Variations in Human Activity Intensity Along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway and Analysis of Its Decoupling Process from Ecological Environment Quality Changes

Scientifically and accurately assessing the interaction between changes in human activity intensity and the surrounding ecological environment along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway is of great significance for the optimized construction of the railway and the restoration of the regional ecological environ...

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Main Authors: Fengli Zou, Qingwu Hu, Lei Liao, Yuqi Liu, Haidong Li, Xujie Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2215
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author Fengli Zou
Qingwu Hu
Lei Liao
Yuqi Liu
Haidong Li
Xujie Zhang
author_facet Fengli Zou
Qingwu Hu
Lei Liao
Yuqi Liu
Haidong Li
Xujie Zhang
author_sort Fengli Zou
collection DOAJ
description Scientifically and accurately assessing the interaction between changes in human activity intensity and the surrounding ecological environment along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway is of great significance for the optimized construction of the railway and the restoration of the regional ecological environment. Based on different spatial distribution scales and construction phases of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway, this study integrates multi-source remote sensing data to construct a long-term spatiotemporal dataset of human activity intensity in the region. Drawing on analytical methods from production theory, a coupling theoretical framework based on remote sensing ecological models is proposed to quantitatively reveal the coupling relationships between the ecological environment and human activities across varying spatiotemporal scales along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. The study finds that (1) the spatiotemporal distribution of human activity intensity along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway demonstrates clear patterns, with expansion primarily radiating from transportation corridors and their intersections, and marked spatial heterogeneity across different segments. Overall, human activity intensity increased slowly between 1990 and 2002, followed by a significant rise during the construction and opening of the Golmud–Lhasa section (2001–2007). From 2013 to 2020, the growth rate began to slow. Within a 0–30 km buffer zone centered on railway station locations (with a 15 km radius), the growth rate of human activity intensity generally decreased with increasing distance from the railway. In the 30–60 km buffer zone, this trend tended to stabilize. (2) The coupling process between ecological quality and human activity intensity across different spatiotemporal scales along the railway exhibits considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity and complexity. The decoupling relationship is dominated by strong and weak decoupling patterns, with strong decoupling being the most prevalent. Weak decoupling is mainly distributed along the sides of the railway. Overall, in most areas along the railway, ecological quality has shown a certain degree of improvement alongside increasing human activity intensity; however, the rate of ecological improvement is generally lower than the rate of increase in human activity intensity. In some areas adjacent to the railway, intensified human activities have led to a decline in ecological quality, though the resulting ecological pressure remains relatively low.
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spelling doaj-art-a8029624df534b3cb748ef1cf37e29ab2025-08-20T03:50:21ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-06-011713221510.3390/rs17132215Spatiotemporal Variations in Human Activity Intensity Along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway and Analysis of Its Decoupling Process from Ecological Environment Quality ChangesFengli Zou0Qingwu Hu1Lei Liao2Yuqi Liu3Haidong Li4Xujie Zhang5School of Geography and Tourism, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao 276800, ChinaSchool of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaRizhao Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning, Rizhao 276800, ChinaMap Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510075, ChinaCo-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaSchool of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaScientifically and accurately assessing the interaction between changes in human activity intensity and the surrounding ecological environment along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway is of great significance for the optimized construction of the railway and the restoration of the regional ecological environment. Based on different spatial distribution scales and construction phases of the Qinghai–Tibet Railway, this study integrates multi-source remote sensing data to construct a long-term spatiotemporal dataset of human activity intensity in the region. Drawing on analytical methods from production theory, a coupling theoretical framework based on remote sensing ecological models is proposed to quantitatively reveal the coupling relationships between the ecological environment and human activities across varying spatiotemporal scales along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway. The study finds that (1) the spatiotemporal distribution of human activity intensity along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway demonstrates clear patterns, with expansion primarily radiating from transportation corridors and their intersections, and marked spatial heterogeneity across different segments. Overall, human activity intensity increased slowly between 1990 and 2002, followed by a significant rise during the construction and opening of the Golmud–Lhasa section (2001–2007). From 2013 to 2020, the growth rate began to slow. Within a 0–30 km buffer zone centered on railway station locations (with a 15 km radius), the growth rate of human activity intensity generally decreased with increasing distance from the railway. In the 30–60 km buffer zone, this trend tended to stabilize. (2) The coupling process between ecological quality and human activity intensity across different spatiotemporal scales along the railway exhibits considerable spatial and temporal heterogeneity and complexity. The decoupling relationship is dominated by strong and weak decoupling patterns, with strong decoupling being the most prevalent. Weak decoupling is mainly distributed along the sides of the railway. Overall, in most areas along the railway, ecological quality has shown a certain degree of improvement alongside increasing human activity intensity; however, the rate of ecological improvement is generally lower than the rate of increase in human activity intensity. In some areas adjacent to the railway, intensified human activities have led to a decline in ecological quality, though the resulting ecological pressure remains relatively low.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2215Qinghai–Tibet railwayhuman activity intensitychanges in ecological environmental qualitycoupling process
spellingShingle Fengli Zou
Qingwu Hu
Lei Liao
Yuqi Liu
Haidong Li
Xujie Zhang
Spatiotemporal Variations in Human Activity Intensity Along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway and Analysis of Its Decoupling Process from Ecological Environment Quality Changes
Remote Sensing
Qinghai–Tibet railway
human activity intensity
changes in ecological environmental quality
coupling process
title Spatiotemporal Variations in Human Activity Intensity Along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway and Analysis of Its Decoupling Process from Ecological Environment Quality Changes
title_full Spatiotemporal Variations in Human Activity Intensity Along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway and Analysis of Its Decoupling Process from Ecological Environment Quality Changes
title_fullStr Spatiotemporal Variations in Human Activity Intensity Along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway and Analysis of Its Decoupling Process from Ecological Environment Quality Changes
title_full_unstemmed Spatiotemporal Variations in Human Activity Intensity Along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway and Analysis of Its Decoupling Process from Ecological Environment Quality Changes
title_short Spatiotemporal Variations in Human Activity Intensity Along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway and Analysis of Its Decoupling Process from Ecological Environment Quality Changes
title_sort spatiotemporal variations in human activity intensity along the qinghai tibet railway and analysis of its decoupling process from ecological environment quality changes
topic Qinghai–Tibet railway
human activity intensity
changes in ecological environmental quality
coupling process
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/13/2215
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