A Fading Suppression Method for Φ-OTDR Systems Based on Multi-Domain Multiplexing
The phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) has been widely applied in various fields. However, due to fading noise, false alarms often occur; this limits its engineering applications. In this paper, a fading suppression method for Φ-OTDR systems based on multi-domain multiplexing...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Shuai Tong Shaoxiong Tang Yifan Lu Nuo Yuan Chi Zhang Huanhuan Liu Dao Zhang Ningmu Zou Xuping Zhang Yixin Zhang |
| author_facet | Shuai Tong Shaoxiong Tang Yifan Lu Nuo Yuan Chi Zhang Huanhuan Liu Dao Zhang Ningmu Zou Xuping Zhang Yixin Zhang |
| author_sort | Shuai Tong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) has been widely applied in various fields. However, due to fading noise, false alarms often occur; this limits its engineering applications. In this paper, a fading suppression method for Φ-OTDR systems based on multi-domain multiplexing (MDM) is proposed. The principles and limitations of existing suppression methods such as spatial-domain multiplexing (SDM), polarization-domain multiplexing (PDM), and frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) are analyzed. The principle of MDM is explained in detail, and an experimental system is established to test the fading noise suppression capabilities of different parameter combinations of the PDM, FDM, and SDM methods. Experimental results show that it is difficult to comprehensively suppress fading noise with single-domain multiplexing. Through optimizations of different parameter combinations, MDM can comprehensively suppress fading noise by appropriately selecting the number of FDM frequencies, the spatial weighting intervals, and using PDM, thus obtaining the optimal anti-fading solution between performance and hardware complexity. Through MDM, the fade-free measurement is achieved, providing a promising technical solution for the practical application of the Φ-OTDR technology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a7ffab409b5b4daabcfbf371f439f5c5 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-a7ffab409b5b4daabcfbf371f439f5c52025-08-20T02:25:07ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01258262910.3390/s25082629A Fading Suppression Method for Φ-OTDR Systems Based on Multi-Domain MultiplexingShuai Tong0Shaoxiong Tang1Yifan Lu2Nuo Yuan3Chi Zhang4Huanhuan Liu5Dao Zhang6Ningmu Zou7Xuping Zhang8Yixin Zhang9College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, ChinaNanjing Fiber Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211135, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, ChinaThe phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) has been widely applied in various fields. However, due to fading noise, false alarms often occur; this limits its engineering applications. In this paper, a fading suppression method for Φ-OTDR systems based on multi-domain multiplexing (MDM) is proposed. The principles and limitations of existing suppression methods such as spatial-domain multiplexing (SDM), polarization-domain multiplexing (PDM), and frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) are analyzed. The principle of MDM is explained in detail, and an experimental system is established to test the fading noise suppression capabilities of different parameter combinations of the PDM, FDM, and SDM methods. Experimental results show that it is difficult to comprehensively suppress fading noise with single-domain multiplexing. Through optimizations of different parameter combinations, MDM can comprehensively suppress fading noise by appropriately selecting the number of FDM frequencies, the spatial weighting intervals, and using PDM, thus obtaining the optimal anti-fading solution between performance and hardware complexity. Through MDM, the fade-free measurement is achieved, providing a promising technical solution for the practical application of the Φ-OTDR technology.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2629phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR)fading noisespatial-domain multiplexing (SDM)polarization-domain multiplexing (PDM)frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM)spatial weighting |
| spellingShingle | Shuai Tong Shaoxiong Tang Yifan Lu Nuo Yuan Chi Zhang Huanhuan Liu Dao Zhang Ningmu Zou Xuping Zhang Yixin Zhang A Fading Suppression Method for Φ-OTDR Systems Based on Multi-Domain Multiplexing Sensors phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) fading noise spatial-domain multiplexing (SDM) polarization-domain multiplexing (PDM) frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) spatial weighting |
| title | A Fading Suppression Method for Φ-OTDR Systems Based on Multi-Domain Multiplexing |
| title_full | A Fading Suppression Method for Φ-OTDR Systems Based on Multi-Domain Multiplexing |
| title_fullStr | A Fading Suppression Method for Φ-OTDR Systems Based on Multi-Domain Multiplexing |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Fading Suppression Method for Φ-OTDR Systems Based on Multi-Domain Multiplexing |
| title_short | A Fading Suppression Method for Φ-OTDR Systems Based on Multi-Domain Multiplexing |
| title_sort | fading suppression method for φ otdr systems based on multi domain multiplexing |
| topic | phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) fading noise spatial-domain multiplexing (SDM) polarization-domain multiplexing (PDM) frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) spatial weighting |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/8/2629 |
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