ResNet-based image processing approach for precise detection of cracks in photovoltaic panels

Abstract Advancing renewable energy solutions requires efficient and durable solar Photovoltaic (PV) modules. A novel mechanism based on Deep Learning (DL) and Residual Network (ResNet) for accurate cracking detection using Electroluminescence (EL) images of PV panels is proposed in this paper. Diff...

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Main Authors: Montaser Abdelsattar, Ahmed AbdelMoety, Ahmed Emad-Eldeen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09101-z
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author Montaser Abdelsattar
Ahmed AbdelMoety
Ahmed Emad-Eldeen
author_facet Montaser Abdelsattar
Ahmed AbdelMoety
Ahmed Emad-Eldeen
author_sort Montaser Abdelsattar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Advancing renewable energy solutions requires efficient and durable solar Photovoltaic (PV) modules. A novel mechanism based on Deep Learning (DL) and Residual Network (ResNet) for accurate cracking detection using Electroluminescence (EL) images of PV panels is proposed in this paper. Different kinds of ResNet architectures, where ResNet34, ResNet50, and ResNet152 were tested, came out with an F1-Score of 86.63%, 87.37%, and 88.89%, respectively. Although the accuracy for ResNet152 is slightly higher, ResNet34 was chosen as the best model since it gives us a trade-off between detection performance and computational performance. The main contribution in this research is the design of an efficient crack detection system trained on a large PV power dataset composed of 2000 EL images collected from different polycrystalline and monocrystalline cells. Although the dataset has some imperfections, to guarantee the presence of many cell states in each subset, it was split into training (70%), validating (20%), and testing (10%). This research demonstrates the application of advanced DL frameworks for early defect diagnosis from raw data to enhance PV panel maintenance, thereby bolstering the sustainability of solar systems. This research also has a significant impact on the academic industry, offering practical solutions for the renewable energy sector during periods of sustainable energy instability, particularly when new materials supplement PV panel usage. The technology preserves the efficiency of solar modules and encourages clean energy solutions by accurately identifying PV panel faults. The study lays a foundation for the further development of image-based defect detection methods in PV systems.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-a7ff5367d7d7400fa470d4440819ea5c2025-08-20T03:42:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-09101-zResNet-based image processing approach for precise detection of cracks in photovoltaic panelsMontaser Abdelsattar0Ahmed AbdelMoety1Ahmed Emad-Eldeen2Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley UniversityElectrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley UniversityRenewable Energy Science and Engineering Department, Faculty of Postgraduate Studies for Advanced Sciences (PSAS), Beni-Suef UniversityAbstract Advancing renewable energy solutions requires efficient and durable solar Photovoltaic (PV) modules. A novel mechanism based on Deep Learning (DL) and Residual Network (ResNet) for accurate cracking detection using Electroluminescence (EL) images of PV panels is proposed in this paper. Different kinds of ResNet architectures, where ResNet34, ResNet50, and ResNet152 were tested, came out with an F1-Score of 86.63%, 87.37%, and 88.89%, respectively. Although the accuracy for ResNet152 is slightly higher, ResNet34 was chosen as the best model since it gives us a trade-off between detection performance and computational performance. The main contribution in this research is the design of an efficient crack detection system trained on a large PV power dataset composed of 2000 EL images collected from different polycrystalline and monocrystalline cells. Although the dataset has some imperfections, to guarantee the presence of many cell states in each subset, it was split into training (70%), validating (20%), and testing (10%). This research demonstrates the application of advanced DL frameworks for early defect diagnosis from raw data to enhance PV panel maintenance, thereby bolstering the sustainability of solar systems. This research also has a significant impact on the academic industry, offering practical solutions for the renewable energy sector during periods of sustainable energy instability, particularly when new materials supplement PV panel usage. The technology preserves the efficiency of solar modules and encourages clean energy solutions by accurately identifying PV panel faults. The study lays a foundation for the further development of image-based defect detection methods in PV systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09101-zCrack detectionElectroluminescenceImage processingPhotovoltaics
spellingShingle Montaser Abdelsattar
Ahmed AbdelMoety
Ahmed Emad-Eldeen
ResNet-based image processing approach for precise detection of cracks in photovoltaic panels
Scientific Reports
Crack detection
Electroluminescence
Image processing
Photovoltaics
title ResNet-based image processing approach for precise detection of cracks in photovoltaic panels
title_full ResNet-based image processing approach for precise detection of cracks in photovoltaic panels
title_fullStr ResNet-based image processing approach for precise detection of cracks in photovoltaic panels
title_full_unstemmed ResNet-based image processing approach for precise detection of cracks in photovoltaic panels
title_short ResNet-based image processing approach for precise detection of cracks in photovoltaic panels
title_sort resnet based image processing approach for precise detection of cracks in photovoltaic panels
topic Crack detection
Electroluminescence
Image processing
Photovoltaics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09101-z
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AT ahmedabdelmoety resnetbasedimageprocessingapproachforprecisedetectionofcracksinphotovoltaicpanels
AT ahmedemadeldeen resnetbasedimageprocessingapproachforprecisedetectionofcracksinphotovoltaicpanels