Validation of indicators for the welfare assessment of captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)

The Five Domains model (FDM) is a widely accepted framework for developing welfare assessment tools across various contexts, including wild animals under human care. However, only two protocols have been developed for captive cetaceans. This study aimed to create a welfare assessment protocol based...

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Main Authors: Sara Platto, Agathe Serres, Simona C. Normando, Xavier Manteca, Deborah Temple, Yujiang Hao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2025-01-01
Series:Animal Welfare
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728625000193/type/journal_article
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author Sara Platto
Agathe Serres
Simona C. Normando
Xavier Manteca
Deborah Temple
Yujiang Hao
author_facet Sara Platto
Agathe Serres
Simona C. Normando
Xavier Manteca
Deborah Temple
Yujiang Hao
author_sort Sara Platto
collection DOAJ
description The Five Domains model (FDM) is a widely accepted framework for developing welfare assessment tools across various contexts, including wild animals under human care. However, only two protocols have been developed for captive cetaceans. This study aimed to create a welfare assessment protocol based on the FDM for captive Yangtze finless porpoises (YFPs; Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis). Indicators relevant to YFPs’ welfare were selected via a literature review, and validated through two consecutive questionnaire surveys, four discussions with a panel of three experts, and a blind review conducted by three additional cetacean welfare experts. This process resulted in the validation of 46 welfare indicators, which were used to develop the Yangtze Finless Porpoise-Welfare Assessment Protocol (YFP-WAP) which, in its final version, contains 150 indicators. Moreover, intensity levels (the degree of impact of each indicator on the porpoises’ welfare), valence (whether the indicator contributed positively or negatively to the porpoises’ welfare state), and mental states associated with each indicator were also assigned by the panels of experts. Additionally, a confidence score was assigned to each indicator’s intensity level, valence, and mental state that reflected experts’ level of uncertainty regarding the indicator impact on the YFPs’ welfare. This rigorous validation process provided transparency, helped ensure minimal bias, and reduced the likelihood of incorrect indicator elimination due to expert subjectivity. By integrating expert knowledge, the YFP-WAP provides a comprehensive approach to evaluating both positive and negative welfare states, supporting the ongoing care and management of YFPs in captivity.
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issn 0962-7286
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publishDate 2025-01-01
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spelling doaj-art-a7f5802eb5344695941ef1982569e4dc2025-08-20T02:25:37ZengCambridge University PressAnimal Welfare0962-72862054-15382025-01-013410.1017/awf.2025.19Validation of indicators for the welfare assessment of captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)Sara Platto0https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2617-6467Agathe Serres1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2279-9143Simona C. Normando2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3978-1487Xavier Manteca3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-4179Deborah Temple4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1776-5718Yujiang Hao5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1040-5776Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Jianghan University, Wuhan, PR ChinaSanya Key Laboratory of Marine Mammal and Marine Bioacoustics, Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, PR ChinaDepartment of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, ItalyDepartment of Animal and Food Science, College of Veterinary Sciences, Universtat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainAWEC, Edifici Eureka, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, SpainInstitute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR ChinaThe Five Domains model (FDM) is a widely accepted framework for developing welfare assessment tools across various contexts, including wild animals under human care. However, only two protocols have been developed for captive cetaceans. This study aimed to create a welfare assessment protocol based on the FDM for captive Yangtze finless porpoises (YFPs; Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis). Indicators relevant to YFPs’ welfare were selected via a literature review, and validated through two consecutive questionnaire surveys, four discussions with a panel of three experts, and a blind review conducted by three additional cetacean welfare experts. This process resulted in the validation of 46 welfare indicators, which were used to develop the Yangtze Finless Porpoise-Welfare Assessment Protocol (YFP-WAP) which, in its final version, contains 150 indicators. Moreover, intensity levels (the degree of impact of each indicator on the porpoises’ welfare), valence (whether the indicator contributed positively or negatively to the porpoises’ welfare state), and mental states associated with each indicator were also assigned by the panels of experts. Additionally, a confidence score was assigned to each indicator’s intensity level, valence, and mental state that reflected experts’ level of uncertainty regarding the indicator impact on the YFPs’ welfare. This rigorous validation process provided transparency, helped ensure minimal bias, and reduced the likelihood of incorrect indicator elimination due to expert subjectivity. By integrating expert knowledge, the YFP-WAP provides a comprehensive approach to evaluating both positive and negative welfare states, supporting the ongoing care and management of YFPs in captivity.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728625000193/type/journal_articleanimal welfareFive Domains modelmental statewelfare assessment protocolYangtze finless porpoises
spellingShingle Sara Platto
Agathe Serres
Simona C. Normando
Xavier Manteca
Deborah Temple
Yujiang Hao
Validation of indicators for the welfare assessment of captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)
Animal Welfare
animal welfare
Five Domains model
mental state
welfare assessment protocol
Yangtze finless porpoises
title Validation of indicators for the welfare assessment of captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)
title_full Validation of indicators for the welfare assessment of captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)
title_fullStr Validation of indicators for the welfare assessment of captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)
title_full_unstemmed Validation of indicators for the welfare assessment of captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)
title_short Validation of indicators for the welfare assessment of captive Yangtze finless porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis)
title_sort validation of indicators for the welfare assessment of captive yangtze finless porpoises neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis
topic animal welfare
Five Domains model
mental state
welfare assessment protocol
Yangtze finless porpoises
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0962728625000193/type/journal_article
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