The cultural adaptation of the Friendship Bench Intervention to address perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone: an application of the ADAPT-ITT framework and the Ecological Validity Model

BackgroundIn Sierra Leone, women of reproductive age represent a significant portion of the population and face heightened mental health challenges due to the lasting effects of civil war, the Ebola epidemic, and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to culturally adapt the Friendship Bench Interv...

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Main Authors: Abdulai Jawo Bah, Haja Ramatulai Wurie, Mohamed Samai, Rebecca Horn, Alastair Ager
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-02-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychiatry
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1441936/full
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author Abdulai Jawo Bah
Abdulai Jawo Bah
Haja Ramatulai Wurie
Mohamed Samai
Rebecca Horn
Alastair Ager
author_facet Abdulai Jawo Bah
Abdulai Jawo Bah
Haja Ramatulai Wurie
Mohamed Samai
Rebecca Horn
Alastair Ager
author_sort Abdulai Jawo Bah
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundIn Sierra Leone, women of reproductive age represent a significant portion of the population and face heightened mental health challenges due to the lasting effects of civil war, the Ebola epidemic, and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to culturally adapt the Friendship Bench Intervention (FBI) for perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone.MethodWe utilized the ADAPT-ITT framework and Bernal’s Ecological Validity Model (EVM) for culturally adapting the FBI’s process and content. The adaptation stages included a formative study to assess perinatal women’s mental health needs. We screened the FBI for modifications based on the data from the formative study and EVM. The initial FBI manual was presented to mother-mother support groups (MMSGs, n=5) and primary health workers (n=3) for feedback (version 1.0). A theatre test with perinatal women (n=10) was conducted led by MMSGs, yielding further feedback (version 2.0). The revised manual was then reviewed by topical experts (n=2), whose insights were incorporated (version 3.0).ResultsThe Friendship Bench manual for Sierra Leone has been revised to better meet the cultural needs of perinatal women. The cover now illustrates an elderly woman conversing with a new mother, emphasizing community support. Culturally relevant idioms, such as “poil at” and “mind not steady,” replace previous terms, and new screening tools, the Sierra Leone Perinatal Psychological Distress Scale (SLPPDS) and the Function Scale, have been introduced. The problem-solving therapy was simplified from seven to four steps, and training duration was reduced from nine days to two, using visual aids to enhance comprehension for those with low literacy levels.ConclusionThrough this systematic approach, we successfully culturally adapted the FBI for treating perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone. The next step is to evaluate it feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness in perinatal care settings.
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spelling doaj-art-a7e4fa429eb44d67b772f1d4c10653842025-08-20T02:43:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402025-02-011610.3389/fpsyt.2025.14419361441936The cultural adaptation of the Friendship Bench Intervention to address perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone: an application of the ADAPT-ITT framework and the Ecological Validity ModelAbdulai Jawo Bah0Abdulai Jawo Bah1Haja Ramatulai Wurie2Mohamed Samai3Rebecca Horn4Alastair Ager5Institute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United KingdomCollege of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of SIerra Leone, Freetown, Sierra LeoneCollege of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of SIerra Leone, Freetown, Sierra LeoneCollege of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of SIerra Leone, Freetown, Sierra LeoneInstitute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United KingdomInstitute for Global Health and Development, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, United KingdomBackgroundIn Sierra Leone, women of reproductive age represent a significant portion of the population and face heightened mental health challenges due to the lasting effects of civil war, the Ebola epidemic, and the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to culturally adapt the Friendship Bench Intervention (FBI) for perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone.MethodWe utilized the ADAPT-ITT framework and Bernal’s Ecological Validity Model (EVM) for culturally adapting the FBI’s process and content. The adaptation stages included a formative study to assess perinatal women’s mental health needs. We screened the FBI for modifications based on the data from the formative study and EVM. The initial FBI manual was presented to mother-mother support groups (MMSGs, n=5) and primary health workers (n=3) for feedback (version 1.0). A theatre test with perinatal women (n=10) was conducted led by MMSGs, yielding further feedback (version 2.0). The revised manual was then reviewed by topical experts (n=2), whose insights were incorporated (version 3.0).ResultsThe Friendship Bench manual for Sierra Leone has been revised to better meet the cultural needs of perinatal women. The cover now illustrates an elderly woman conversing with a new mother, emphasizing community support. Culturally relevant idioms, such as “poil at” and “mind not steady,” replace previous terms, and new screening tools, the Sierra Leone Perinatal Psychological Distress Scale (SLPPDS) and the Function Scale, have been introduced. The problem-solving therapy was simplified from seven to four steps, and training duration was reduced from nine days to two, using visual aids to enhance comprehension for those with low literacy levels.ConclusionThrough this systematic approach, we successfully culturally adapted the FBI for treating perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone. The next step is to evaluate it feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effectiveness in perinatal care settings.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1441936/fullcultural adaptationperinatalpsychological distresslay health workertask-sharing
spellingShingle Abdulai Jawo Bah
Abdulai Jawo Bah
Haja Ramatulai Wurie
Mohamed Samai
Rebecca Horn
Alastair Ager
The cultural adaptation of the Friendship Bench Intervention to address perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone: an application of the ADAPT-ITT framework and the Ecological Validity Model
Frontiers in Psychiatry
cultural adaptation
perinatal
psychological distress
lay health worker
task-sharing
title The cultural adaptation of the Friendship Bench Intervention to address perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone: an application of the ADAPT-ITT framework and the Ecological Validity Model
title_full The cultural adaptation of the Friendship Bench Intervention to address perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone: an application of the ADAPT-ITT framework and the Ecological Validity Model
title_fullStr The cultural adaptation of the Friendship Bench Intervention to address perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone: an application of the ADAPT-ITT framework and the Ecological Validity Model
title_full_unstemmed The cultural adaptation of the Friendship Bench Intervention to address perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone: an application of the ADAPT-ITT framework and the Ecological Validity Model
title_short The cultural adaptation of the Friendship Bench Intervention to address perinatal psychological distress in Sierra Leone: an application of the ADAPT-ITT framework and the Ecological Validity Model
title_sort cultural adaptation of the friendship bench intervention to address perinatal psychological distress in sierra leone an application of the adapt itt framework and the ecological validity model
topic cultural adaptation
perinatal
psychological distress
lay health worker
task-sharing
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1441936/full
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