Pathways and factors in calcium uptake through the skins of strawberry fruit
Abstract High levels of fruit calcium (Ca) in strawberry are associated with low levels of surface disorders, including water soaking. Because of the dysfunctional xylem in developing strawberry, fruit Ca can only be increased by spray application. The objectives were to quantify 45Ca uptake through...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15749-4 |
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| author | Grecia Hurtado Simon Sitzenstock Kristian Pineda Moritz Knoche |
| author_facet | Grecia Hurtado Simon Sitzenstock Kristian Pineda Moritz Knoche |
| author_sort | Grecia Hurtado |
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| description | Abstract High levels of fruit calcium (Ca) in strawberry are associated with low levels of surface disorders, including water soaking. Because of the dysfunctional xylem in developing strawberry, fruit Ca can only be increased by spray application. The objectives were to quantify 45Ca uptake through the fruit surface from drying spray droplets. Uptake of 45CaCl2 was initially rapid but slowed down after droplet drying. There was no difference in Ca uptake through the rim between achene depressions and that through the achene depressions. The uptake of 45CaCl2 increased with fruit development and with increasing spray concentration. Uptake was highest for CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2, but was lower for organic salts. The surfactants Glucopon (0.01%) and Triton X-100 (0.1%) increased Ca uptake. Increased temperature and increased relative humidity increased Ca uptake. Incubating ripe strawberries for 1 h in deionized water increased microcracking. Despite the increased microcracking 45CaCl2 uptake did not increase. Spray applications of 30 mM in the greenhouse increased fruit Ca content and decreased susceptibility to water soaking. Our study establishes that strawberry fruit take up Ca very readily from surface sprays of either CaCl2 or Ca(NO3)2. Increases in fruit Ca decrease susceptibility to water soaking. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a7daec9ceedd4635a25ef29020afab16 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a7daec9ceedd4635a25ef29020afab162025-08-20T04:02:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-15749-4Pathways and factors in calcium uptake through the skins of strawberry fruitGrecia Hurtado0Simon Sitzenstock1Kristian Pineda2Moritz Knoche3Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University HanoverInstitute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University HanoverInstitute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University HanoverInstitute of Horticultural Production Systems, Leibniz University HanoverAbstract High levels of fruit calcium (Ca) in strawberry are associated with low levels of surface disorders, including water soaking. Because of the dysfunctional xylem in developing strawberry, fruit Ca can only be increased by spray application. The objectives were to quantify 45Ca uptake through the fruit surface from drying spray droplets. Uptake of 45CaCl2 was initially rapid but slowed down after droplet drying. There was no difference in Ca uptake through the rim between achene depressions and that through the achene depressions. The uptake of 45CaCl2 increased with fruit development and with increasing spray concentration. Uptake was highest for CaCl2 and Ca(NO3)2, but was lower for organic salts. The surfactants Glucopon (0.01%) and Triton X-100 (0.1%) increased Ca uptake. Increased temperature and increased relative humidity increased Ca uptake. Incubating ripe strawberries for 1 h in deionized water increased microcracking. Despite the increased microcracking 45CaCl2 uptake did not increase. Spray applications of 30 mM in the greenhouse increased fruit Ca content and decreased susceptibility to water soaking. Our study establishes that strawberry fruit take up Ca very readily from surface sprays of either CaCl2 or Ca(NO3)2. Increases in fruit Ca decrease susceptibility to water soaking.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15749-4CaPenetrationFragaria × ananassaCuticleSurfactantHygroscopicity |
| spellingShingle | Grecia Hurtado Simon Sitzenstock Kristian Pineda Moritz Knoche Pathways and factors in calcium uptake through the skins of strawberry fruit Scientific Reports Ca Penetration Fragaria × ananassa Cuticle Surfactant Hygroscopicity |
| title | Pathways and factors in calcium uptake through the skins of strawberry fruit |
| title_full | Pathways and factors in calcium uptake through the skins of strawberry fruit |
| title_fullStr | Pathways and factors in calcium uptake through the skins of strawberry fruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pathways and factors in calcium uptake through the skins of strawberry fruit |
| title_short | Pathways and factors in calcium uptake through the skins of strawberry fruit |
| title_sort | pathways and factors in calcium uptake through the skins of strawberry fruit |
| topic | Ca Penetration Fragaria × ananassa Cuticle Surfactant Hygroscopicity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15749-4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT greciahurtado pathwaysandfactorsincalciumuptakethroughtheskinsofstrawberryfruit AT simonsitzenstock pathwaysandfactorsincalciumuptakethroughtheskinsofstrawberryfruit AT kristianpineda pathwaysandfactorsincalciumuptakethroughtheskinsofstrawberryfruit AT moritzknoche pathwaysandfactorsincalciumuptakethroughtheskinsofstrawberryfruit |