Exploitation of Key Regulatory Modules and Genes for High-Salt Adaptation in Schizothoracine by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Schizothoracine fishes in saltwater lakes of the Tibetan Plateau are important models for studying the evolution and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Examining their adaptation to the high-salt environment is interesting. In this study, we first assembled the RNA-Seq data of each tissue of <i>G....
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2024-12-01
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| author | Luo Lei Xingxing Deng Fei Liu He Gao Yuting Duan Junting Li Suxing Fu Hejiao Li Yinhua Zhou Rongrong Liao Haiping Liu Chaowei Zhou |
| author_facet | Luo Lei Xingxing Deng Fei Liu He Gao Yuting Duan Junting Li Suxing Fu Hejiao Li Yinhua Zhou Rongrong Liao Haiping Liu Chaowei Zhou |
| author_sort | Luo Lei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Schizothoracine fishes in saltwater lakes of the Tibetan Plateau are important models for studying the evolution and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Examining their adaptation to the high-salt environment is interesting. In this study, we first assembled the RNA-Seq data of each tissue of <i>G. przewalskii</i>, <i>G. selincuoensis</i>, and <i>G. namensis</i> from Qinghai Lake, Selincuo Lake, and Namtso Lake, respectively, obtained by the group previously. After obtaining reliable results, the adaptation of the gills, kidneys, and livers of the three species to the high-salinity environment was assessed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Using module eigengenes (ME), 21, 22, and 22 gene modules were identified for <i>G. przewalskii</i>, <i>G. selincuoensis</i>, and <i>G. nemesis</i>, respectively. Functional clustering analysis of genes in the significant association module identified several genes associated with osmolarity-regulated potential KEGG pathways in the gills of three species of Schizothoracine fish. Th17 cell differentiation pathway was up-regulated in the gills of all three species; <i>histocompatibility class 2 II antigen</i> and <i>E alpha (h2-ea)</i> were up-regulated genes in this pathway. Functional clustering analysis of genes in apparently related modules in the kidney unveiled several differential KEGG pathways. The pentose phosphate pathway was up-regulated in the three Schizothoracine fishes, and <i>glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase</i> (<i>g6pd</i>) was an up-regulated gene in this pathway. In the livers of the three <i>Schizothorax</i> species, the propanoate metabolism pathway was up-regulated, and <i>succinate-CoA ligase GDP-forming subunit beta</i> (<i>suclg2</i>) was an up-regulated gene in this pathway. The above analyses provide reference data for the adaptation of <i>Schizothorax</i> to high-salt environments and lay the foundation for future studies on the adaptive mechanism of <i>Schizothorax</i> in the plateau. These results partly fill the void in the knowledge gap in the survival adaptations of Schizothoracine fishes to highland saline lakes. |
| format | Article |
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| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a7d72fae9c744b92bbeca025ef8846b22025-08-20T02:27:38ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-12-011515610.3390/ani15010056Exploitation of Key Regulatory Modules and Genes for High-Salt Adaptation in Schizothoracine by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network AnalysisLuo Lei0Xingxing Deng1Fei Liu2He Gao3Yuting Duan4Junting Li5Suxing Fu6Hejiao Li7Yinhua Zhou8Rongrong Liao9Haiping Liu10Chaowei Zhou11College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, ChinaInstitute of Aquatic Sciences, Tibet Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa 851418, ChinaIntegrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, ChinaCollege of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, ChinaSchizothoracine fishes in saltwater lakes of the Tibetan Plateau are important models for studying the evolution and uplift of the Tibetan Plateau. Examining their adaptation to the high-salt environment is interesting. In this study, we first assembled the RNA-Seq data of each tissue of <i>G. przewalskii</i>, <i>G. selincuoensis</i>, and <i>G. namensis</i> from Qinghai Lake, Selincuo Lake, and Namtso Lake, respectively, obtained by the group previously. After obtaining reliable results, the adaptation of the gills, kidneys, and livers of the three species to the high-salinity environment was assessed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Using module eigengenes (ME), 21, 22, and 22 gene modules were identified for <i>G. przewalskii</i>, <i>G. selincuoensis</i>, and <i>G. nemesis</i>, respectively. Functional clustering analysis of genes in the significant association module identified several genes associated with osmolarity-regulated potential KEGG pathways in the gills of three species of Schizothoracine fish. Th17 cell differentiation pathway was up-regulated in the gills of all three species; <i>histocompatibility class 2 II antigen</i> and <i>E alpha (h2-ea)</i> were up-regulated genes in this pathway. Functional clustering analysis of genes in apparently related modules in the kidney unveiled several differential KEGG pathways. The pentose phosphate pathway was up-regulated in the three Schizothoracine fishes, and <i>glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase</i> (<i>g6pd</i>) was an up-regulated gene in this pathway. In the livers of the three <i>Schizothorax</i> species, the propanoate metabolism pathway was up-regulated, and <i>succinate-CoA ligase GDP-forming subunit beta</i> (<i>suclg2</i>) was an up-regulated gene in this pathway. The above analyses provide reference data for the adaptation of <i>Schizothorax</i> to high-salt environments and lay the foundation for future studies on the adaptive mechanism of <i>Schizothorax</i> in the plateau. These results partly fill the void in the knowledge gap in the survival adaptations of Schizothoracine fishes to highland saline lakes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/1/56<i>Schizothorax</i>high-salt environment adaptationgillskidneyliver |
| spellingShingle | Luo Lei Xingxing Deng Fei Liu He Gao Yuting Duan Junting Li Suxing Fu Hejiao Li Yinhua Zhou Rongrong Liao Haiping Liu Chaowei Zhou Exploitation of Key Regulatory Modules and Genes for High-Salt Adaptation in Schizothoracine by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis Animals <i>Schizothorax</i> high-salt environment adaptation gills kidney liver |
| title | Exploitation of Key Regulatory Modules and Genes for High-Salt Adaptation in Schizothoracine by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis |
| title_full | Exploitation of Key Regulatory Modules and Genes for High-Salt Adaptation in Schizothoracine by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Exploitation of Key Regulatory Modules and Genes for High-Salt Adaptation in Schizothoracine by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploitation of Key Regulatory Modules and Genes for High-Salt Adaptation in Schizothoracine by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis |
| title_short | Exploitation of Key Regulatory Modules and Genes for High-Salt Adaptation in Schizothoracine by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis |
| title_sort | exploitation of key regulatory modules and genes for high salt adaptation in schizothoracine by weighted gene co expression network analysis |
| topic | <i>Schizothorax</i> high-salt environment adaptation gills kidney liver |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/1/56 |
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