Redefining cancer care: harnessing circulating tumor cells’ potential for improved diagnosis and prognosis

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a small but clinically relevant pool of cells from tumors that can be sampled with minimally-invasive liquid biopsy procedures. They are dynamic and poorly-defined transition state of cancer cells, offering vital insights into tumor progression and m...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Divya Janjua, Apoorva Chaudhary, Udit Joshi, Tanya Tripathi, Vinita Kumar Jaggi, Alok Chandra Bharti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Cancer Cell International
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-025-03883-y
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a small but clinically relevant pool of cells from tumors that can be sampled with minimally-invasive liquid biopsy procedures. They are dynamic and poorly-defined transition state of cancer cells, offering vital insights into tumor progression and metastasis. CTC frequencies are emerging as real-time means for therapeutic monitoring and patient stratification across different malignancies. However, their detection, isolation, and characterization pose a major challenge leading to variation in their counts that limit their clinical utility. This review delves into the key parameter, CTC counts, which often correlate with clinical outcomes. Further, it highlights the significance of culturing CTCs in vitro and employing CTC-derived xenograft (CDX) models to obtain in vivo insights into tumor biology, treatment efficacy, and personalized medicine strategies. The review examines the role of CTCs as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic monitoring marker for different cancers. It also discusses the opportunities in CTC-directed clinical utility and associated limitations such as CTC heterogeneity and technological variations among different isolation strategies that hinder their widespread implementation. Hence, it underscores the evolving importance of CTCs in clinical oncology.
ISSN:1475-2867