Algorithms weighing lives and freedoms: The case of China’s health code

In response to the COVID-19 outbreak in the beginning of 2020, Chinese local governments created a software extension on existing mobile applications to monitor citizens’ movement and collect their health data. Very quickly China’s health code became a key resource for the country’s governments to...

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Main Authors: Ina Virtosu, Chen Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Pro Universitaria 2023-03-01
Series:Smart Cities and Regional Development Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://scrd.eu/index.php/scrd/article/view/180
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author Ina Virtosu
Chen Li
author_facet Ina Virtosu
Chen Li
author_sort Ina Virtosu
collection DOAJ
description In response to the COVID-19 outbreak in the beginning of 2020, Chinese local governments created a software extension on existing mobile applications to monitor citizens’ movement and collect their health data. Very quickly China’s health code became a key resource for the country’s governments to track and contain COVID-19 cases using time, location, and personal interactions. China’s health code system represents an unprecedented form of “biological” governance, which demonstrates and supports the transformation empowered by digital technologies, enhancing the access to healthcare and fusing together mass surveillance and fundamental public service provision. Digital contact tracing has attracted enormous interest among academics and legislators since the outbreak of COVID-19, which resulted in several policy papers and research works, discussing issues, such as the effectiveness and accuracy of virus detection, as well concerns in regard to discrimination and data privacy. However, most of the articles refers to technologies and its implications in the West, and less to the peculiarities and problems related to the use of Chinese health code. Present research analysis the issues related to difficulties to achieve a balance between China’s “zero-COVID policy” and freedom of movement, as well those regarding multiple health code’s proliferation, health code abuses and misuses by officials who do not want to miss any cases for fear of outbreak or being fired. Since China’s health code system is still far from being centralized and uniform across the country, the mutual recognition system has resulted in considerable problems for those who find themselves in high-risk areas.
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spelling doaj-art-a7d06af7648747b3adf64527f862c1032025-08-20T02:20:56ZengPro UniversitariaSmart Cities and Regional Development Journal2537-38032821-78882023-03-017110.25019/scrdjournal.v7i1.180Algorithms weighing lives and freedoms: The case of China’s health codeIna Virtosu0Chen Li1University of MacauUniversity of Macau In response to the COVID-19 outbreak in the beginning of 2020, Chinese local governments created a software extension on existing mobile applications to monitor citizens’ movement and collect their health data. Very quickly China’s health code became a key resource for the country’s governments to track and contain COVID-19 cases using time, location, and personal interactions. China’s health code system represents an unprecedented form of “biological” governance, which demonstrates and supports the transformation empowered by digital technologies, enhancing the access to healthcare and fusing together mass surveillance and fundamental public service provision. Digital contact tracing has attracted enormous interest among academics and legislators since the outbreak of COVID-19, which resulted in several policy papers and research works, discussing issues, such as the effectiveness and accuracy of virus detection, as well concerns in regard to discrimination and data privacy. However, most of the articles refers to technologies and its implications in the West, and less to the peculiarities and problems related to the use of Chinese health code. Present research analysis the issues related to difficulties to achieve a balance between China’s “zero-COVID policy” and freedom of movement, as well those regarding multiple health code’s proliferation, health code abuses and misuses by officials who do not want to miss any cases for fear of outbreak or being fired. Since China’s health code system is still far from being centralized and uniform across the country, the mutual recognition system has resulted in considerable problems for those who find themselves in high-risk areas. https://scrd.eu/index.php/scrd/article/view/180AlgorithmsJian Kang Ma (JKM)mutual recognitionhigh risk areazero-COVID policy
spellingShingle Ina Virtosu
Chen Li
Algorithms weighing lives and freedoms: The case of China’s health code
Smart Cities and Regional Development Journal
Algorithms
Jian Kang Ma (JKM)
mutual recognition
high risk area
zero-COVID policy
title Algorithms weighing lives and freedoms: The case of China’s health code
title_full Algorithms weighing lives and freedoms: The case of China’s health code
title_fullStr Algorithms weighing lives and freedoms: The case of China’s health code
title_full_unstemmed Algorithms weighing lives and freedoms: The case of China’s health code
title_short Algorithms weighing lives and freedoms: The case of China’s health code
title_sort algorithms weighing lives and freedoms the case of china s health code
topic Algorithms
Jian Kang Ma (JKM)
mutual recognition
high risk area
zero-COVID policy
url https://scrd.eu/index.php/scrd/article/view/180
work_keys_str_mv AT inavirtosu algorithmsweighinglivesandfreedomsthecaseofchinashealthcode
AT chenli algorithmsweighinglivesandfreedomsthecaseofchinashealthcode