Nitazoxanide Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Metabolism in Chondrocytes from Patients with Osteoarthritis via AMPK/mTORC1 Signaling

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long-term degenerative condition of the joints, characterized by persistent inflammation, progressive cartilage breakdown, and impaired mitochondrial function. Recent studies have shown that hyperactivation of the mTORC1 pathway and metabolic reprogramming of chondrocytes co...

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Main Authors: Ha Eun Kim, Jong Yeong Lee, Ga-Yeon Son, Jun-Young Park, Ki Bum Kim, Chul-Min Choi, Young Jae Moon, Jin Kyeong Choi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/5/512
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author Ha Eun Kim
Jong Yeong Lee
Ga-Yeon Son
Jun-Young Park
Ki Bum Kim
Chul-Min Choi
Young Jae Moon
Jin Kyeong Choi
author_facet Ha Eun Kim
Jong Yeong Lee
Ga-Yeon Son
Jun-Young Park
Ki Bum Kim
Chul-Min Choi
Young Jae Moon
Jin Kyeong Choi
author_sort Ha Eun Kim
collection DOAJ
description Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long-term degenerative condition of the joints, characterized by persistent inflammation, progressive cartilage breakdown, and impaired mitochondrial function. Recent studies have shown that hyperactivation of the mTORC1 pathway and metabolic reprogramming of chondrocytes contribute to disease progression. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), an oral antiparasitic agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration, has shown anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial protective effects in various disease situations; despite this, its application in osteoarthritis has yet to be fully investigated. Here, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of NTZ using IL-1β-stimulated primary chondrocytes derived from patients with OA. NTZ substantially reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. NTZ also effectively reversed IL-1β-induced glycolytic metabolic changes by inhibiting glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression. Mechanistically, NTZ inhibited the activation of the mTORC1 pathway and substantially increased AMPK phosphorylation. The siRNA-mediated AMPK knockdown negated NTZ-induced mitochondrial and metabolic improvements, suggesting that AMPK is a key upstream regulator of the protective actions of NTZ. NTZ can, therefore, effectively inhibit inflammatory metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction in OA chondrocytes through AMPK-dependent mTORC1 signaling inhibition, highlighting its potential as a disease-modifying therapy for OA.
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spelling doaj-art-a7c24cc4ad4e462d9bafab0817b1da4f2025-08-20T02:33:36ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-04-0114551210.3390/antiox14050512Nitazoxanide Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Metabolism in Chondrocytes from Patients with Osteoarthritis via AMPK/mTORC1 SignalingHa Eun Kim0Jong Yeong Lee1Ga-Yeon Son2Jun-Young Park3Ki Bum Kim4Chul-Min Choi5Young Jae Moon6Jin Kyeong Choi7Department of Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USADepartment of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54896, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Healthcare, Dongguk University Duica, Seoul 04620, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54896, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Immunology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of KoreaOsteoarthritis (OA) is a long-term degenerative condition of the joints, characterized by persistent inflammation, progressive cartilage breakdown, and impaired mitochondrial function. Recent studies have shown that hyperactivation of the mTORC1 pathway and metabolic reprogramming of chondrocytes contribute to disease progression. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), an oral antiparasitic agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration, has shown anti-inflammatory and mitochondrial protective effects in various disease situations; despite this, its application in osteoarthritis has yet to be fully investigated. Here, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of NTZ using IL-1β-stimulated primary chondrocytes derived from patients with OA. NTZ substantially reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels. NTZ also effectively reversed IL-1β-induced glycolytic metabolic changes by inhibiting glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression. Mechanistically, NTZ inhibited the activation of the mTORC1 pathway and substantially increased AMPK phosphorylation. The siRNA-mediated AMPK knockdown negated NTZ-induced mitochondrial and metabolic improvements, suggesting that AMPK is a key upstream regulator of the protective actions of NTZ. NTZ can, therefore, effectively inhibit inflammatory metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dysfunction in OA chondrocytes through AMPK-dependent mTORC1 signaling inhibition, highlighting its potential as a disease-modifying therapy for OA.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/5/512nitazoxanideosteoarthritischondrocytesAMPKmTORC1mitochondrial dysfunction
spellingShingle Ha Eun Kim
Jong Yeong Lee
Ga-Yeon Son
Jun-Young Park
Ki Bum Kim
Chul-Min Choi
Young Jae Moon
Jin Kyeong Choi
Nitazoxanide Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Metabolism in Chondrocytes from Patients with Osteoarthritis via AMPK/mTORC1 Signaling
Antioxidants
nitazoxanide
osteoarthritis
chondrocytes
AMPK
mTORC1
mitochondrial dysfunction
title Nitazoxanide Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Metabolism in Chondrocytes from Patients with Osteoarthritis via AMPK/mTORC1 Signaling
title_full Nitazoxanide Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Metabolism in Chondrocytes from Patients with Osteoarthritis via AMPK/mTORC1 Signaling
title_fullStr Nitazoxanide Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Metabolism in Chondrocytes from Patients with Osteoarthritis via AMPK/mTORC1 Signaling
title_full_unstemmed Nitazoxanide Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Metabolism in Chondrocytes from Patients with Osteoarthritis via AMPK/mTORC1 Signaling
title_short Nitazoxanide Modulates Mitochondrial Function and Inflammatory Metabolism in Chondrocytes from Patients with Osteoarthritis via AMPK/mTORC1 Signaling
title_sort nitazoxanide modulates mitochondrial function and inflammatory metabolism in chondrocytes from patients with osteoarthritis via ampk mtorc1 signaling
topic nitazoxanide
osteoarthritis
chondrocytes
AMPK
mTORC1
mitochondrial dysfunction
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/5/512
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