Association between Dietary Choline and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Large Swedish Cohort
Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a major global issue in the past several decades with a rapidly increasing incidence largely attributable to sedentary lifestyles and westernized diets. Previous research has shown conflicting evidence between dietary choline and the risk o...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-02-01
|
| Series: | Proceedings |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/307 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850088017143791616 |
|---|---|
| author | Therese Karlsson Áine Ryan Bathsheba Tobin Ingegerd Johansson Anna Winkvist |
| author_facet | Therese Karlsson Áine Ryan Bathsheba Tobin Ingegerd Johansson Anna Winkvist |
| author_sort | Therese Karlsson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a major global issue in the past several decades with a rapidly increasing incidence largely attributable to sedentary lifestyles and westernized diets. Previous research has shown conflicting evidence between dietary choline and the risk of T2D. The present study aimed to investigate associations between dietary choline and its individual forms with the development of T2D. Methods: In total, 41,802 females and 37,952 males attending the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) between 1990 and 2016 were included. The intake of total choline and its individual forms phosphatidylcholine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, sphingomyelin and free choline were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. The associations between dietary choline and T2D were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards regressions to determine hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for T2D according to total choline, phosphatidylcholine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, sphingomyelin and free choline intake (quartiles). Models were adjusted for reported energy intake, age, body mass index, education and smoking status. All analyses were performed in females and males separately. Results: During a median follow-up of 16 years, 1195 (2.9%) and 1664 (4.4%) incident T2D cases were registered in females and males, respectively. A higher total choline intake was associated with an increased risk of T2D in both females (HR Q4 vs. Q1: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.85; P-trend 0.03) and males (HR Q4 vs. Q1: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.90; P-trend < 0.01). Choline intake from phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin were positively significantly associated with the risk of T2D in both females and males. No associations were found between choline intake from free choline, phosphocholine or glycerophosphocholine and incidence T2D. Discussion: This study demonstrates an association between the higher intake of total choline and an increased risk of T2DM in females and males in Sweden. The positive association seems to be driven mainly by the intake of choline from phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. This highlights the role of dietary choline intake in relation to T2D and the importance of exploring the impact of the different forms of dietary choline. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a7b9f23715b3455799ab0d085091e1bc |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2504-3900 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Proceedings |
| spelling | doaj-art-a7b9f23715b3455799ab0d085091e1bc2025-08-20T02:43:06ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002024-02-0191130710.3390/proceedings2023091307Association between Dietary Choline and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Large Swedish CohortTherese Karlsson0Áine Ryan1Bathsheba Tobin2Ingegerd Johansson3Anna Winkvist4Department of Life Sciences, Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, SwedenDepartment of Odontology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umea, SwedenDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, SwedenBackground and Objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become a major global issue in the past several decades with a rapidly increasing incidence largely attributable to sedentary lifestyles and westernized diets. Previous research has shown conflicting evidence between dietary choline and the risk of T2D. The present study aimed to investigate associations between dietary choline and its individual forms with the development of T2D. Methods: In total, 41,802 females and 37,952 males attending the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) between 1990 and 2016 were included. The intake of total choline and its individual forms phosphatidylcholine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, sphingomyelin and free choline were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. The associations between dietary choline and T2D were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards regressions to determine hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for T2D according to total choline, phosphatidylcholine, glycerophosphocholine, phosphocholine, sphingomyelin and free choline intake (quartiles). Models were adjusted for reported energy intake, age, body mass index, education and smoking status. All analyses were performed in females and males separately. Results: During a median follow-up of 16 years, 1195 (2.9%) and 1664 (4.4%) incident T2D cases were registered in females and males, respectively. A higher total choline intake was associated with an increased risk of T2D in both females (HR Q4 vs. Q1: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.85; P-trend 0.03) and males (HR Q4 vs. Q1: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.90; P-trend < 0.01). Choline intake from phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin were positively significantly associated with the risk of T2D in both females and males. No associations were found between choline intake from free choline, phosphocholine or glycerophosphocholine and incidence T2D. Discussion: This study demonstrates an association between the higher intake of total choline and an increased risk of T2DM in females and males in Sweden. The positive association seems to be driven mainly by the intake of choline from phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin. This highlights the role of dietary choline intake in relation to T2D and the importance of exploring the impact of the different forms of dietary choline.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/307cholinebetainetype 2 diabetesprospective cohortVästerbotten Intervention Program |
| spellingShingle | Therese Karlsson Áine Ryan Bathsheba Tobin Ingegerd Johansson Anna Winkvist Association between Dietary Choline and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Large Swedish Cohort Proceedings choline betaine type 2 diabetes prospective cohort Västerbotten Intervention Program |
| title | Association between Dietary Choline and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Large Swedish Cohort |
| title_full | Association between Dietary Choline and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Large Swedish Cohort |
| title_fullStr | Association between Dietary Choline and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Large Swedish Cohort |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between Dietary Choline and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Large Swedish Cohort |
| title_short | Association between Dietary Choline and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Results from a Large Swedish Cohort |
| title_sort | association between dietary choline and the incidence of type 2 diabetes results from a large swedish cohort |
| topic | choline betaine type 2 diabetes prospective cohort Västerbotten Intervention Program |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/307 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT theresekarlsson associationbetweendietarycholineandtheincidenceoftype2diabetesresultsfromalargeswedishcohort AT aineryan associationbetweendietarycholineandtheincidenceoftype2diabetesresultsfromalargeswedishcohort AT bathshebatobin associationbetweendietarycholineandtheincidenceoftype2diabetesresultsfromalargeswedishcohort AT ingegerdjohansson associationbetweendietarycholineandtheincidenceoftype2diabetesresultsfromalargeswedishcohort AT annawinkvist associationbetweendietarycholineandtheincidenceoftype2diabetesresultsfromalargeswedishcohort |