Microextraction and Eco-Friendly Techniques Applied to Solid Matrices Followed by Chromatographic Analysis
In this review, a 5-year overview on environmentally friendly approaches for the extraction of the most relevant organic pollutants in soil, sediment, particulate matter, and sewage sludge coupled with chromatographic analysis is reported. Organic contaminants encompass various compounds derived fro...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Attilio Naccarato Rosangela Elliani Antonio Tagarelli |
| author_facet | Attilio Naccarato Rosangela Elliani Antonio Tagarelli |
| author_sort | Attilio Naccarato |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this review, a 5-year overview on environmentally friendly approaches for the extraction of the most relevant organic pollutants in soil, sediment, particulate matter, and sewage sludge coupled with chromatographic analysis is reported. Organic contaminants encompass various compounds derived from personal care products, industrial chemicals, microplastics, organic matter combustion, agricultural practices, and plasticizer material. The principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC) and green sample preparation (GSP) serve as a guideline for the development of more environmentally sustainable analytical protocols. This study focuses attention on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), and microextraction techniques, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), spray-assisted droplet formation-based liquid-phase microextraction (SADF-LPME), and dispersive liquid–liquid extraction (DLLME). These approaches represent the most relevant eco-friendly sample preparation for the advanced extraction of target analytes from environmental solid samples. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a7af0fc0c4fc4477950ee8d9e6f08ca9 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj-art-a7af0fc0c4fc4477950ee8d9e6f08ca92025-08-20T01:56:45ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392025-05-0112512410.3390/separations12050124Microextraction and Eco-Friendly Techniques Applied to Solid Matrices Followed by Chromatographic AnalysisAttilio Naccarato0Rosangela Elliani1Antonio Tagarelli2Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyDipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyDipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci Cubo 12/C, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyIn this review, a 5-year overview on environmentally friendly approaches for the extraction of the most relevant organic pollutants in soil, sediment, particulate matter, and sewage sludge coupled with chromatographic analysis is reported. Organic contaminants encompass various compounds derived from personal care products, industrial chemicals, microplastics, organic matter combustion, agricultural practices, and plasticizer material. The principles of green analytical chemistry (GAC) and green sample preparation (GSP) serve as a guideline for the development of more environmentally sustainable analytical protocols. This study focuses attention on microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), and microextraction techniques, such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME), spray-assisted droplet formation-based liquid-phase microextraction (SADF-LPME), and dispersive liquid–liquid extraction (DLLME). These approaches represent the most relevant eco-friendly sample preparation for the advanced extraction of target analytes from environmental solid samples.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/5/124eco-friendly approachesmicroextraction techniquessolid matricesgreen sample preparationchromatographic analysisorganic environmental pollutants |
| spellingShingle | Attilio Naccarato Rosangela Elliani Antonio Tagarelli Microextraction and Eco-Friendly Techniques Applied to Solid Matrices Followed by Chromatographic Analysis Separations eco-friendly approaches microextraction techniques solid matrices green sample preparation chromatographic analysis organic environmental pollutants |
| title | Microextraction and Eco-Friendly Techniques Applied to Solid Matrices Followed by Chromatographic Analysis |
| title_full | Microextraction and Eco-Friendly Techniques Applied to Solid Matrices Followed by Chromatographic Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Microextraction and Eco-Friendly Techniques Applied to Solid Matrices Followed by Chromatographic Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microextraction and Eco-Friendly Techniques Applied to Solid Matrices Followed by Chromatographic Analysis |
| title_short | Microextraction and Eco-Friendly Techniques Applied to Solid Matrices Followed by Chromatographic Analysis |
| title_sort | microextraction and eco friendly techniques applied to solid matrices followed by chromatographic analysis |
| topic | eco-friendly approaches microextraction techniques solid matrices green sample preparation chromatographic analysis organic environmental pollutants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/5/124 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT attilionaccarato microextractionandecofriendlytechniquesappliedtosolidmatricesfollowedbychromatographicanalysis AT rosangelaelliani microextractionandecofriendlytechniquesappliedtosolidmatricesfollowedbychromatographicanalysis AT antoniotagarelli microextractionandecofriendlytechniquesappliedtosolidmatricesfollowedbychromatographicanalysis |