Surface Reflection Suppression Method for Air-Coupled SFCW GPR Systems

Air-coupled ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems are widely used for subsurface imaging in demining, geological surveys, and infrastructure assessment applications. However, strong surface reflections can introduce interference, leading to receiver saturation and reducing the clarity of subsurface...

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Main Authors: Primož Smogavec, Dušan Gleich
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/10/1668
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author Primož Smogavec
Dušan Gleich
author_facet Primož Smogavec
Dušan Gleich
author_sort Primož Smogavec
collection DOAJ
description Air-coupled ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems are widely used for subsurface imaging in demining, geological surveys, and infrastructure assessment applications. However, strong surface reflections can introduce interference, leading to receiver saturation and reducing the clarity of subsurface features. This paper presents a novel surface reflection suppression algorithm for stepped-frequency continuous wave (SFCW) GPR systems. The proposed method estimates the surface reflection component and applies phase-compensated subtraction at the receiver site, effectively suppressing background reflections. A modular SFCW radar system was developed and tested in a laboratory setup simulating a low-altitude airborne deployment to validate the proposed approach. B-scan and time-domain analyses demonstrate significant suppression of surface reflections, improving the visibility of subsurface targets. Unlike previous static echo cancellation methods, the proposed method performs on-board pre-downconversion removal of surface clutter that compensates for varying ground distance, which is a unique contribution of this work.
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spelling doaj-art-a7aa87930e4e45eea70d0256d6a5409f2025-08-20T02:33:55ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-05-011710166810.3390/rs17101668Surface Reflection Suppression Method for Air-Coupled SFCW GPR SystemsPrimož Smogavec0Dušan Gleich1Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Korška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Korška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, SloveniaAir-coupled ground penetrating radar (GPR) systems are widely used for subsurface imaging in demining, geological surveys, and infrastructure assessment applications. However, strong surface reflections can introduce interference, leading to receiver saturation and reducing the clarity of subsurface features. This paper presents a novel surface reflection suppression algorithm for stepped-frequency continuous wave (SFCW) GPR systems. The proposed method estimates the surface reflection component and applies phase-compensated subtraction at the receiver site, effectively suppressing background reflections. A modular SFCW radar system was developed and tested in a laboratory setup simulating a low-altitude airborne deployment to validate the proposed approach. B-scan and time-domain analyses demonstrate significant suppression of surface reflections, improving the visibility of subsurface targets. Unlike previous static echo cancellation methods, the proposed method performs on-board pre-downconversion removal of surface clutter that compensates for varying ground distance, which is a unique contribution of this work.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/10/1668GPRsurface reflection suppressionSFCWsurface echoecho cancellationreceiver saturation
spellingShingle Primož Smogavec
Dušan Gleich
Surface Reflection Suppression Method for Air-Coupled SFCW GPR Systems
Remote Sensing
GPR
surface reflection suppression
SFCW
surface echo
echo cancellation
receiver saturation
title Surface Reflection Suppression Method for Air-Coupled SFCW GPR Systems
title_full Surface Reflection Suppression Method for Air-Coupled SFCW GPR Systems
title_fullStr Surface Reflection Suppression Method for Air-Coupled SFCW GPR Systems
title_full_unstemmed Surface Reflection Suppression Method for Air-Coupled SFCW GPR Systems
title_short Surface Reflection Suppression Method for Air-Coupled SFCW GPR Systems
title_sort surface reflection suppression method for air coupled sfcw gpr systems
topic GPR
surface reflection suppression
SFCW
surface echo
echo cancellation
receiver saturation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/10/1668
work_keys_str_mv AT primozsmogavec surfacereflectionsuppressionmethodforaircoupledsfcwgprsystems
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