Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents

Background: To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. Methods: This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3...

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Main Authors: Jason M. Nagata, Christiane K. Helmer, Jennifer H. Wong, Seohyeong Lee, Sydnie K. Domingue, Patrick Low, Abubakr A.A. Al-shoaibi, Joan E. Shim, Kyle T. Ganson, Alexander Testa, Orsolya Kiss, Holly C. Gooding, Erin E. Dooley, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Fiona C. Baker
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525000200
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author Jason M. Nagata
Christiane K. Helmer
Jennifer H. Wong
Seohyeong Lee
Sydnie K. Domingue
Patrick Low
Abubakr A.A. Al-shoaibi
Joan E. Shim
Kyle T. Ganson
Alexander Testa
Orsolya Kiss
Holly C. Gooding
Erin E. Dooley
Kelley Pettee Gabriel
Fiona C. Baker
author_facet Jason M. Nagata
Christiane K. Helmer
Jennifer H. Wong
Seohyeong Lee
Sydnie K. Domingue
Patrick Low
Abubakr A.A. Al-shoaibi
Joan E. Shim
Kyle T. Ganson
Alexander Testa
Orsolya Kiss
Holly C. Gooding
Erin E. Dooley
Kelley Pettee Gabriel
Fiona C. Baker
author_sort Jason M. Nagata
collection DOAJ
description Background: To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. Methods: This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C). Results: The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B −3.14; 95 % CI, −6.17, −0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C. Conclusion: This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions.
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spelling doaj-art-a799703bae38469ba36b25b2a4f1dfe32025-08-20T02:31:44ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention2772-48752025-06-012520038210.1016/j.ijcrp.2025.200382Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescentsJason M. Nagata0Christiane K. Helmer1Jennifer H. Wong2Seohyeong Lee3Sydnie K. Domingue4Patrick Low5Abubakr A.A. Al-shoaibi6Joan E. Shim7Kyle T. Ganson8Alexander Testa9Orsolya Kiss10Holly C. Gooding11Erin E. Dooley12Kelley Pettee Gabriel13Fiona C. Baker14Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA; Corresponding author. 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA.Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of California, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box 0503, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USAFactor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, CanadaDepartment of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USACenter for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USADivision of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USADepartment of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USADepartment of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USACenter for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA; School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Ave, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000, South AfricaBackground: To estimate associations between sociodemographic factors and cardiometabolic risk factors among a demographically diverse sample of U.S. adolescents aged 10–14 years. Methods: This study analyzed data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (N = 1412), Years 2 and 3 (2018–2021). Cardiometabolic risk factors including hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C) were assessed. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex, race and ethnicity, household income, and parental education) and cardiometabolic risk factors (hemoglobin A1c, TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C). Results: The average hemoglobin A1c level was 5.2 % (±0.4 %), the average TC level was 156.6 (±28.9) mg/dL, and the average HDL-C level was 56.0 (±12.9) mg/dL. Out of our sample, 0.5 % had diabetes (hemoglobin A1c ≥ 6.5 %), 7.6 % had high TC (≥200 mg/dL), and 7.4 % had low HDL-C (<40 mg/dL). Older age was associated with lower TC, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C levels. Male sex was associated with higher hemoglobin A1c (beta coefficient [B] 0.04; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.00, 0.08; p = 0.037) and lower TC (B −3.14; 95 % CI, −6.17, −0.11; p = 0.042) compared to female sex. Black and Native American race and ethnicity were associated with higher hemoglobin A1c compared to White race. Higher household income was associated with higher TC and HDL-C. Conclusion: This study of a diverse population of early adolescents identified sociodemographic differences in hemoglobin A1c and cholesterol levels that can inform clinical and public health interventions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525000200Cardiovascular diseaseCholesterolDiabetesAdolescent
spellingShingle Jason M. Nagata
Christiane K. Helmer
Jennifer H. Wong
Seohyeong Lee
Sydnie K. Domingue
Patrick Low
Abubakr A.A. Al-shoaibi
Joan E. Shim
Kyle T. Ganson
Alexander Testa
Orsolya Kiss
Holly C. Gooding
Erin E. Dooley
Kelley Pettee Gabriel
Fiona C. Baker
Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents
International Journal of Cardiology. Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention
Cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol
Diabetes
Adolescent
title Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents
title_full Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents
title_fullStr Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents
title_full_unstemmed Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents
title_short Social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents
title_sort social epidemiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in early adolescents
topic Cardiovascular disease
Cholesterol
Diabetes
Adolescent
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772487525000200
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