GPD1L as a potential biomarker associated with Treg cell infiltration and lipid metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Abstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent tumor in the urinary system, presenting a poor prognosis yet being accompanied by a high degree of immune infiltration. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this abnormal infiltration and identifying prognostic biomarkers...

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Main Authors: Ming Yang, Dejiang Pang, Chuhui Gong, Kangping Song, Hongbo Ma, Yu Yang, Shujin Guo, Liqiong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of Translational Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06882-9
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author Ming Yang
Dejiang Pang
Chuhui Gong
Kangping Song
Hongbo Ma
Yu Yang
Shujin Guo
Liqiong Wang
author_facet Ming Yang
Dejiang Pang
Chuhui Gong
Kangping Song
Hongbo Ma
Yu Yang
Shujin Guo
Liqiong Wang
author_sort Ming Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent tumor in the urinary system, presenting a poor prognosis yet being accompanied by a high degree of immune infiltration. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this abnormal infiltration and identifying prognostic biomarkers in this regard is crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes. Methods The expression of GPD1L in ccRCC was analyzed using a common database (TCGA). The expression of GPD1L in ccRCC cell lines and tissue samples was verified by western blotting, real time qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The predictive value of GPD1L was evaluated by survival analysis, ROC curve and Cox regression analysis. We used GO, KEGG and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to verify each other. Then the single cell sequencing dataset (GEO) was further analyzed and verified, and the functional phenotype of GPD1L in ccRCC was explored by functional experiments. In addition, the correlation between the expression level of GPD1L and drug resistance of AKT-mTOR pathway was analyzed based on Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database (GDSC). Results We identified glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like (GPD1L) as a tumor suppressor gene in ccRCC, and downregulation of GPD1L may facilitate the adaptive survival of tumor cells via enhanced regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltration and lipid metabolism reprogramming in ccRCC. Our results suggest that there is a significantly diminished GPD1L in ccRCC patients with poorer survival probability. Mechanically, a significant negative correlation between GPD1L expression and Tregs infiltration, and GPD1L-related metabolic analysis reflected the correlation between Tregs and lipid metabolism. In addition, GPD1L expression levels also influence the malignant phenotype of ccRCC and the drug resistance to AKT and mTOR targeted therapy. Conclusions Taken together, our results supported GPD1L could be a valuable biomarker for predicting and intervening in ccRCC progression. These insights could shed light on the complex interplay between tumor cell adaptive survival and Treg infiltration, which reflected that the comprehensive and systemic role of GPD1L in ccRCC.
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spelling doaj-art-a798544efa1a42ecb231acdd33664bd52025-08-20T03:43:02ZengBMCJournal of Translational Medicine1479-58762025-08-0123111910.1186/s12967-025-06882-9GPD1L as a potential biomarker associated with Treg cell infiltration and lipid metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinomaMing Yang0Dejiang Pang1Chuhui Gong2Kangping Song3Hongbo Ma4Yu Yang5Shujin Guo6Liqiong Wang7Laboratory of aging and geriatric medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disorders, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, Sichuan UniversityLaboratory of aging and geriatric medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityRehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityWest China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan UniversityLaboratory of aging and geriatric medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityDepartment of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaRehabilitation Medicine Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityAbstract Background Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent tumor in the urinary system, presenting a poor prognosis yet being accompanied by a high degree of immune infiltration. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this abnormal infiltration and identifying prognostic biomarkers in this regard is crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes. Methods The expression of GPD1L in ccRCC was analyzed using a common database (TCGA). The expression of GPD1L in ccRCC cell lines and tissue samples was verified by western blotting, real time qPCR and immunohistochemistry. The predictive value of GPD1L was evaluated by survival analysis, ROC curve and Cox regression analysis. We used GO, KEGG and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to verify each other. Then the single cell sequencing dataset (GEO) was further analyzed and verified, and the functional phenotype of GPD1L in ccRCC was explored by functional experiments. In addition, the correlation between the expression level of GPD1L and drug resistance of AKT-mTOR pathway was analyzed based on Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database (GDSC). Results We identified glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like (GPD1L) as a tumor suppressor gene in ccRCC, and downregulation of GPD1L may facilitate the adaptive survival of tumor cells via enhanced regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltration and lipid metabolism reprogramming in ccRCC. Our results suggest that there is a significantly diminished GPD1L in ccRCC patients with poorer survival probability. Mechanically, a significant negative correlation between GPD1L expression and Tregs infiltration, and GPD1L-related metabolic analysis reflected the correlation between Tregs and lipid metabolism. In addition, GPD1L expression levels also influence the malignant phenotype of ccRCC and the drug resistance to AKT and mTOR targeted therapy. Conclusions Taken together, our results supported GPD1L could be a valuable biomarker for predicting and intervening in ccRCC progression. These insights could shed light on the complex interplay between tumor cell adaptive survival and Treg infiltration, which reflected that the comprehensive and systemic role of GPD1L in ccRCC.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06882-9CcRCCImmune infiltrationGPD1LTregLipid metabolismBiomarker
spellingShingle Ming Yang
Dejiang Pang
Chuhui Gong
Kangping Song
Hongbo Ma
Yu Yang
Shujin Guo
Liqiong Wang
GPD1L as a potential biomarker associated with Treg cell infiltration and lipid metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Journal of Translational Medicine
CcRCC
Immune infiltration
GPD1L
Treg
Lipid metabolism
Biomarker
title GPD1L as a potential biomarker associated with Treg cell infiltration and lipid metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
title_full GPD1L as a potential biomarker associated with Treg cell infiltration and lipid metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
title_fullStr GPD1L as a potential biomarker associated with Treg cell infiltration and lipid metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed GPD1L as a potential biomarker associated with Treg cell infiltration and lipid metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
title_short GPD1L as a potential biomarker associated with Treg cell infiltration and lipid metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
title_sort gpd1l as a potential biomarker associated with treg cell infiltration and lipid metabolism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
topic CcRCC
Immune infiltration
GPD1L
Treg
Lipid metabolism
Biomarker
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-025-06882-9
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