The Spectral Variation Behavior of Fermi-LAT Blazars

In this study, we analyze the ∼16 yr Fermi-Large Area Telescope data of 160 blazars consisting of 92 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), 64 BL Lacertae (BL Lac)–type objects, and 4 blazar-candidates-of-unknown-type objects, and investigate their spectral variation. By fitting a linear model ( y  = ...

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Main Authors: Junhao Deng, Yunguo Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc106
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author Junhao Deng
Yunguo Jiang
author_facet Junhao Deng
Yunguo Jiang
author_sort Junhao Deng
collection DOAJ
description In this study, we analyze the ∼16 yr Fermi-Large Area Telescope data of 160 blazars consisting of 92 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), 64 BL Lacertae (BL Lac)–type objects, and 4 blazar-candidates-of-unknown-type objects, and investigate their spectral variation. By fitting a linear model ( y  =  kx  +  b ) to the monthly binned flux-index plots, we find that most of the FSRQs (∼89%) display a harder-when-brighter trend ( k  > 0), while the majority of BL Lac–type objects (∼64%) exhibit a softer-when-brighter trend ( k  < 0). By plotting their slope ( k ) versus their variability index and inverse Compton (IC) peak frequency, we find a moderate positive correlation between k and the variability index and a moderate negative correlation between k and the IC peak frequency, which we name as the gamma-ray variability sequence of blazars. Additionally, eight blazars may not follow the linear variation trend, particularly in PKS 0537-441, AP Librae, and PKS 1510-089. Additional very-high-energy gamma-ray emission components may be the cause of the nonlinear variation trend.
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spelling doaj-art-a7937002fe2e4205b5f57ce0e8e2d5002025-08-20T02:16:10ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01983212810.3847/1538-4357/adc106The Spectral Variation Behavior of Fermi-LAT BlazarsJunhao Deng0https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1984-6603Yunguo Jiang1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2679-0445Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University , Weihai 264209, People’s Republic of China ; jiangyg@sdu.edu.cn; School of Space Science and Technology, Shandong University , Weihai 264209, People’s Republic of ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University , Weihai 264209, People’s Republic of China ; jiangyg@sdu.edu.cn; School of Space Science and Technology, Shandong University , Weihai 264209, People’s Republic of ChinaIn this study, we analyze the ∼16 yr Fermi-Large Area Telescope data of 160 blazars consisting of 92 flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), 64 BL Lacertae (BL Lac)–type objects, and 4 blazar-candidates-of-unknown-type objects, and investigate their spectral variation. By fitting a linear model ( y  =  kx  +  b ) to the monthly binned flux-index plots, we find that most of the FSRQs (∼89%) display a harder-when-brighter trend ( k  > 0), while the majority of BL Lac–type objects (∼64%) exhibit a softer-when-brighter trend ( k  < 0). By plotting their slope ( k ) versus their variability index and inverse Compton (IC) peak frequency, we find a moderate positive correlation between k and the variability index and a moderate negative correlation between k and the IC peak frequency, which we name as the gamma-ray variability sequence of blazars. Additionally, eight blazars may not follow the linear variation trend, particularly in PKS 0537-441, AP Librae, and PKS 1510-089. Additional very-high-energy gamma-ray emission components may be the cause of the nonlinear variation trend.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc106Blazars
spellingShingle Junhao Deng
Yunguo Jiang
The Spectral Variation Behavior of Fermi-LAT Blazars
The Astrophysical Journal
Blazars
title The Spectral Variation Behavior of Fermi-LAT Blazars
title_full The Spectral Variation Behavior of Fermi-LAT Blazars
title_fullStr The Spectral Variation Behavior of Fermi-LAT Blazars
title_full_unstemmed The Spectral Variation Behavior of Fermi-LAT Blazars
title_short The Spectral Variation Behavior of Fermi-LAT Blazars
title_sort spectral variation behavior of fermi lat blazars
topic Blazars
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adc106
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