Machine learning-based equations for improved body composition estimation in Indian adults.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is commonly used as a lower-cost measurement of body composition as compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in large-scale epidemiological studies. However, existing equations for body composition based on BIA measures may not generalize well to all...

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Main Authors: Nick Birk, Bharati Kulkarni, Santhi Bhogadi, Aastha Aggarwal, Gagandeep Kaur Walia, Vipin Gupta, Usha Rani, Hemant Mahajan, Sanjay Kinra, Poppy A C Mallinson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-06-01
Series:PLOS Digital Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000671
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author Nick Birk
Bharati Kulkarni
Santhi Bhogadi
Aastha Aggarwal
Gagandeep Kaur Walia
Vipin Gupta
Usha Rani
Hemant Mahajan
Sanjay Kinra
Poppy A C Mallinson
author_facet Nick Birk
Bharati Kulkarni
Santhi Bhogadi
Aastha Aggarwal
Gagandeep Kaur Walia
Vipin Gupta
Usha Rani
Hemant Mahajan
Sanjay Kinra
Poppy A C Mallinson
author_sort Nick Birk
collection DOAJ
description Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is commonly used as a lower-cost measurement of body composition as compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in large-scale epidemiological studies. However, existing equations for body composition based on BIA measures may not generalize well to all populations. We combined BIA measurements (TANITA BC-418) with skinfold thickness, body circumferences, and grip strength to develop equations to predict six DXA-measured body composition parameters in a cohort of Indian adults using machine learning techniques. The participants were split into training (80%, 1297 males and 1133 females) and testing (20%, 318 males and 289 females) data to develop and validate the performance of equations for total body fat mass (kg), total body lean mass (kg), total body fat percentage (%), trunk fat percentage (%), L1-L4 fat percentage (%), and total appendicular lean mass (kg), separately for males and females. Our novel equations outperformed existing equations for each of these body composition parameters. For example, the mean absolute error for total body fat mass was 1.808 kg for males and 2.054 kg for females using the TANITA's built-in estimation algorithm, 2.105 kg for males and 2.995 kg for females using Durnin-Womersley equations, and 0.935 kg for males and 0.976 kg for females using our novel equations. Our findings demonstrate that supplementing body composition estimates from BIA devices with simple anthropometric measures can greatly improve the validity of BIA-measured body composition in South Asians. This approach could be extended to other BIA devices and populations to improve the performance of BIA devices. Our equations are made available for use by other researchers.
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spelling doaj-art-a784f6fbd1254b74a16ead0334cdc7792025-08-20T02:35:36ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLOS Digital Health2767-31702025-06-0146e000067110.1371/journal.pdig.0000671Machine learning-based equations for improved body composition estimation in Indian adults.Nick BirkBharati KulkarniSanthi BhogadiAastha AggarwalGagandeep Kaur WaliaVipin GuptaUsha RaniHemant MahajanSanjay KinraPoppy A C MallinsonBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is commonly used as a lower-cost measurement of body composition as compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in large-scale epidemiological studies. However, existing equations for body composition based on BIA measures may not generalize well to all populations. We combined BIA measurements (TANITA BC-418) with skinfold thickness, body circumferences, and grip strength to develop equations to predict six DXA-measured body composition parameters in a cohort of Indian adults using machine learning techniques. The participants were split into training (80%, 1297 males and 1133 females) and testing (20%, 318 males and 289 females) data to develop and validate the performance of equations for total body fat mass (kg), total body lean mass (kg), total body fat percentage (%), trunk fat percentage (%), L1-L4 fat percentage (%), and total appendicular lean mass (kg), separately for males and females. Our novel equations outperformed existing equations for each of these body composition parameters. For example, the mean absolute error for total body fat mass was 1.808 kg for males and 2.054 kg for females using the TANITA's built-in estimation algorithm, 2.105 kg for males and 2.995 kg for females using Durnin-Womersley equations, and 0.935 kg for males and 0.976 kg for females using our novel equations. Our findings demonstrate that supplementing body composition estimates from BIA devices with simple anthropometric measures can greatly improve the validity of BIA-measured body composition in South Asians. This approach could be extended to other BIA devices and populations to improve the performance of BIA devices. Our equations are made available for use by other researchers.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000671
spellingShingle Nick Birk
Bharati Kulkarni
Santhi Bhogadi
Aastha Aggarwal
Gagandeep Kaur Walia
Vipin Gupta
Usha Rani
Hemant Mahajan
Sanjay Kinra
Poppy A C Mallinson
Machine learning-based equations for improved body composition estimation in Indian adults.
PLOS Digital Health
title Machine learning-based equations for improved body composition estimation in Indian adults.
title_full Machine learning-based equations for improved body composition estimation in Indian adults.
title_fullStr Machine learning-based equations for improved body composition estimation in Indian adults.
title_full_unstemmed Machine learning-based equations for improved body composition estimation in Indian adults.
title_short Machine learning-based equations for improved body composition estimation in Indian adults.
title_sort machine learning based equations for improved body composition estimation in indian adults
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pdig.0000671
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