Small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes amongst Australian youth aged <20 years in 2021

Objectives: To characterise small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes in Australian youth. Methods: A combined statistical reconstruction and small-area estimation algorithm was applied to privacy-modulated data from the 2021 Australian Census. The census instrument and reconst...

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Main Authors: Ewan Cameron, Song Zhang, Aveni Haynes, Peter W. Gething
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020025000159
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author Ewan Cameron
Song Zhang
Aveni Haynes
Peter W. Gething
author_facet Ewan Cameron
Song Zhang
Aveni Haynes
Peter W. Gething
author_sort Ewan Cameron
collection DOAJ
description Objectives: To characterise small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes in Australian youth. Methods: A combined statistical reconstruction and small-area estimation algorithm was applied to privacy-modulated data from the 2021 Australian Census. The census instrument and reconstruction accuracy was examined by comparisons against a hospital-based register and community register. Diabetes prevalence maps were created from the small-area estimates. Results: The median and interquartile range of estimated diabetes prevalence by small-area unit under our geospatial smoothing model were 1.76 [1.49–1.97] cases per 1000 population for those aged 0–14 years and 5.2 [4.4–5.9] cases per 1000 population for those aged 15–19 years old. Concentrations of elevated prevalence were identified in the vicinities of regional towns across South-East Queensland, regional New South Wales and regional Victoria. Across each of Australia’s five largest cities a gradient of decreasing youth diabetes prevalence from the outer suburbs to the urban centre was identified. Conclusion: Diabetes burden is systematically higher among rural and peri-urban resident youth in Australia compared with their urban counterparts. Implications for Public Health: Hotspots of prevalence in regional areas deserve attention from public health authorities.
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spelling doaj-art-a77d2fba252847b6b58fec67bb3646592025-08-20T03:31:07ZengElsevierAustralian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health1326-02002025-06-0149310023410.1016/j.anzjph.2025.100234Small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes amongst Australian youth aged <20 years in 2021Ewan Cameron0Song Zhang1Aveni Haynes2Peter W. Gething3Geospatial Health and Development Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, 6009, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Australia; Stan Perron Foundation Fellow, Australia; Correspondence to: Ewan Cameron, Geospatial Health and Development Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, 6009, AustraliaGeospatial Health and Development Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, 6009, AustraliaChildren’s Diabetes Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, the University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, AustraliaGeospatial Health and Development Team, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, 6009, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, AustraliaObjectives: To characterise small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes in Australian youth. Methods: A combined statistical reconstruction and small-area estimation algorithm was applied to privacy-modulated data from the 2021 Australian Census. The census instrument and reconstruction accuracy was examined by comparisons against a hospital-based register and community register. Diabetes prevalence maps were created from the small-area estimates. Results: The median and interquartile range of estimated diabetes prevalence by small-area unit under our geospatial smoothing model were 1.76 [1.49–1.97] cases per 1000 population for those aged 0–14 years and 5.2 [4.4–5.9] cases per 1000 population for those aged 15–19 years old. Concentrations of elevated prevalence were identified in the vicinities of regional towns across South-East Queensland, regional New South Wales and regional Victoria. Across each of Australia’s five largest cities a gradient of decreasing youth diabetes prevalence from the outer suburbs to the urban centre was identified. Conclusion: Diabetes burden is systematically higher among rural and peri-urban resident youth in Australia compared with their urban counterparts. Implications for Public Health: Hotspots of prevalence in regional areas deserve attention from public health authorities.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020025000159diabetes mellitustype 1—juvenile-onset diabetesepidemiologic factorsspatial regression
spellingShingle Ewan Cameron
Song Zhang
Aveni Haynes
Peter W. Gething
Small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes amongst Australian youth aged <20 years in 2021
Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
diabetes mellitus
type 1—juvenile-onset diabetes
epidemiologic factors
spatial regression
title Small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes amongst Australian youth aged <20 years in 2021
title_full Small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes amongst Australian youth aged <20 years in 2021
title_fullStr Small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes amongst Australian youth aged <20 years in 2021
title_full_unstemmed Small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes amongst Australian youth aged <20 years in 2021
title_short Small-area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes amongst Australian youth aged <20 years in 2021
title_sort small area geographical variation in the prevalence of diabetes amongst australian youth aged 20 years in 2021
topic diabetes mellitus
type 1—juvenile-onset diabetes
epidemiologic factors
spatial regression
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1326020025000159
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AT avenihaynes smallareageographicalvariationintheprevalenceofdiabetesamongstaustralianyouthaged20yearsin2021
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