Ball milling preparation and the effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide
The present study investigates the preparation of LiF-doped TiO2 powders using the ball milling technique, with a focus on optimizing dispersion parameters and assessing the impact of calcination temperature on their photocatalytic activity. TiO2 powders doped with 2 wt. % LiF were prepared using an...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Open Ceramics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539525000586 |
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| author | Israa Zahwa Ahmad Kassas Mohamed Mouyane Jérôme Bernard Javier Navas Tayssir Hamieh David Houivet |
| author_facet | Israa Zahwa Ahmad Kassas Mohamed Mouyane Jérôme Bernard Javier Navas Tayssir Hamieh David Houivet |
| author_sort | Israa Zahwa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study investigates the preparation of LiF-doped TiO2 powders using the ball milling technique, with a focus on optimizing dispersion parameters and assessing the impact of calcination temperature on their photocatalytic activity. TiO2 powders doped with 2 wt. % LiF were prepared using an industrial attrition mill (Dyno-Mill®) and subjected to heat treatments at different temperatures to control the anatase-to-rutile phase transition. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV–Vis spectroscopy using the diffuse reflectance mode (DRS), were employed to evaluate phase composition, surface properties, and optical band gap variations. The photocatalytic performance was assessed through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV–Vis irradiation. The results revealed that the anatase-to-rutile transformation occurred at 700 °C, with a mixed anatase-rutile phase exhibiting enhanced photocatalytic activity. Despite a low BET surface area, the sample calcined at 700 °C for 30 min demonstrated the highest MB degradation rate, outperforming commercial TiO2 (P25). The improved efficiency is attributed to the synergistic effects between anatase and rutile phases of TiO2. This study highlights the potential of ball milling as a scalable method for tailoring TiO2-based photocatalysts with optimized phase composition and photocatalytic properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a777a6c36de741b69d23dc155a469459 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2666-5395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Open Ceramics |
| spelling | doaj-art-a777a6c36de741b69d23dc155a4694592025-08-20T02:06:19ZengElsevierOpen Ceramics2666-53952025-06-012210079110.1016/j.oceram.2025.100791Ball milling preparation and the effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxideIsraa Zahwa0Ahmad Kassas1Mohamed Mouyane2Jérôme Bernard3Javier Navas4Tayssir Hamieh5David Houivet6Université de Caen -Normandie, Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg (LUSAC), Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, France; Université Libanaise, Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes analytiques (MCEMA), EDST, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon; Corresponding author at: LUSAC laboratory, 60, rue Max-Pol Fouchet 50130 Cherbourg- en-Cotentin, France.Université de Caen -Normandie, Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg (LUSAC), Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, France; Université Libanaise, Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes analytiques (MCEMA), EDST, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon; International University of Beirut, School of Engineering, Department of Industrial Engineering, Beirut, LebanonUniversité de Caen -Normandie, Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg (LUSAC), Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, FranceUniversité de Caen -Normandie, Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg (LUSAC), Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, FranceDepartamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real Cádiz, SpainUniversité Libanaise, Laboratoire de Matériaux, Catalyse, Environnement et Méthodes analytiques (MCEMA), EDST, Campus Rafic Hariri, Hadath, Beyrouth, Lebanon; Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, NetherlandsUniversité de Caen -Normandie, Laboratoire Universitaire des Sciences Appliquées de Cherbourg (LUSAC), Cherbourg-en-Cotentin, FranceThe present study investigates the preparation of LiF-doped TiO2 powders using the ball milling technique, with a focus on optimizing dispersion parameters and assessing the impact of calcination temperature on their photocatalytic activity. TiO2 powders doped with 2 wt. % LiF were prepared using an industrial attrition mill (Dyno-Mill®) and subjected to heat treatments at different temperatures to control the anatase-to-rutile phase transition. Characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV–Vis spectroscopy using the diffuse reflectance mode (DRS), were employed to evaluate phase composition, surface properties, and optical band gap variations. The photocatalytic performance was assessed through the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV–Vis irradiation. The results revealed that the anatase-to-rutile transformation occurred at 700 °C, with a mixed anatase-rutile phase exhibiting enhanced photocatalytic activity. Despite a low BET surface area, the sample calcined at 700 °C for 30 min demonstrated the highest MB degradation rate, outperforming commercial TiO2 (P25). The improved efficiency is attributed to the synergistic effects between anatase and rutile phases of TiO2. This study highlights the potential of ball milling as a scalable method for tailoring TiO2-based photocatalysts with optimized phase composition and photocatalytic properties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539525000586TiO2Ball millingLiF dopingAnatase-rutile transitionPhotocatalysisMethylene blue degradation |
| spellingShingle | Israa Zahwa Ahmad Kassas Mohamed Mouyane Jérôme Bernard Javier Navas Tayssir Hamieh David Houivet Ball milling preparation and the effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide Open Ceramics TiO2 Ball milling LiF doping Anatase-rutile transition Photocatalysis Methylene blue degradation |
| title | Ball milling preparation and the effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide |
| title_full | Ball milling preparation and the effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide |
| title_fullStr | Ball milling preparation and the effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ball milling preparation and the effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide |
| title_short | Ball milling preparation and the effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide |
| title_sort | ball milling preparation and the effect of calcination temperature on the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide |
| topic | TiO2 Ball milling LiF doping Anatase-rutile transition Photocatalysis Methylene blue degradation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666539525000586 |
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