Study on Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabric Modified by Sulfonic Groups Chelated with Ba<sup>2+</sup>
A simple and innovative method was introduced for the production of green and recoverable flame-retardant cotton fabrics, where sulfonated cotton fabric (COT-SC) was synthesized by oxidizing cotton fabric with sodium periodate, followed by a sulfonation step with sodium bisulfite to provide active s...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Lingling Guo Hongqin Lin Zhenming Qi Jiang Pan Haiyan Mao Chunmei Huang Guoqiang Li Chunxia Wang |
| author_facet | Lingling Guo Hongqin Lin Zhenming Qi Jiang Pan Haiyan Mao Chunmei Huang Guoqiang Li Chunxia Wang |
| author_sort | Lingling Guo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A simple and innovative method was introduced for the production of green and recoverable flame-retardant cotton fabrics, where sulfonated cotton fabric (COT-SC) was synthesized by oxidizing cotton fabric with sodium periodate, followed by a sulfonation step with sodium bisulfite to provide active sites, which further chelated barium ions (Ba<sup>2+</sup>) to achieve flame retardancy. The morphological and structural characterizations of the fabricated cotton fabrics (COT-SC-Ba) demonstrated that the cleavage of C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>3</sub> free hydroxy groups within the cellulose macromolecule was chemically modified for grafting a considerable number of sulfonic acid groups, and Ba<sup>2+</sup> ions were effectively immobilized on the macromolecule of the cotton fabric through a chelation effect. Results from cone calorimeter tests (CCTs) revealed that COT-SC-Ba became nonflammable, displayed a delayed ignition time, and decreased the values of the heat release rate (HRR), total smoke release (TSR), effective heat of combustion (EHC), and CO/CO<sub>2</sub> ratio. TG/DTG analysis demonstrated that COT-SC-Ba possessed greater thermal stability, fewer flammable volatiles, and more of a char layer during burning than that of the original cotton fabric. Its residual mass was increased from 0.02% to 26.9% in air and from 8.05% to 26.76% in N<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The COT-SC-Ba not only possessed a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of up to 34.4% but could also undergo vertical burning tests evidenced by results such as the non-afterflame, non-afterglow, and a mere 75 mm char length. Those results demonstrated that the combination of SO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and Ba<sup>2+</sup> promoted the formation of a char layer. Moreover, cotton fabric regained its superior flame retardancy after being washed and re-chelated with Ba<sup>2+</sup>. Additional characteristics of the cotton fabric, such as the rupture strength, white degree, and hygroscopicity, were maintained at an acceptable level. In conclusion, this research can offer a fresh perspective on the design and development of straightforward, efficient, eco-friendly, and recoverable fire-retardant fabrics. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a77019e05e7844e09228c2ac872ca604 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-a77019e05e7844e09228c2ac872ca6042025-08-20T01:54:08ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-11-012922530610.3390/molecules29225306Study on Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabric Modified by Sulfonic Groups Chelated with Ba<sup>2+</sup>Lingling Guo0Hongqin Lin1Zhenming Qi2Jiang Pan3Haiyan Mao4Chunmei Huang5Guoqiang Li6Chunxia Wang7College of Textile and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaCollege of Textile and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaCollege of Textile and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaCollege of Textile and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaCollege of Textile and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaCollege of Textile and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaJiangsu Yueda Home Textile Co., Ltd., 699 Century Avenue Road, Yancheng 224005, ChinaCollege of Textile and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, ChinaA simple and innovative method was introduced for the production of green and recoverable flame-retardant cotton fabrics, where sulfonated cotton fabric (COT-SC) was synthesized by oxidizing cotton fabric with sodium periodate, followed by a sulfonation step with sodium bisulfite to provide active sites, which further chelated barium ions (Ba<sup>2+</sup>) to achieve flame retardancy. The morphological and structural characterizations of the fabricated cotton fabrics (COT-SC-Ba) demonstrated that the cleavage of C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>3</sub> free hydroxy groups within the cellulose macromolecule was chemically modified for grafting a considerable number of sulfonic acid groups, and Ba<sup>2+</sup> ions were effectively immobilized on the macromolecule of the cotton fabric through a chelation effect. Results from cone calorimeter tests (CCTs) revealed that COT-SC-Ba became nonflammable, displayed a delayed ignition time, and decreased the values of the heat release rate (HRR), total smoke release (TSR), effective heat of combustion (EHC), and CO/CO<sub>2</sub> ratio. TG/DTG analysis demonstrated that COT-SC-Ba possessed greater thermal stability, fewer flammable volatiles, and more of a char layer during burning than that of the original cotton fabric. Its residual mass was increased from 0.02% to 26.9% in air and from 8.05% to 26.76% in N<sub>2</sub>, respectively. The COT-SC-Ba not only possessed a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of up to 34.4% but could also undergo vertical burning tests evidenced by results such as the non-afterflame, non-afterglow, and a mere 75 mm char length. Those results demonstrated that the combination of SO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and Ba<sup>2+</sup> promoted the formation of a char layer. Moreover, cotton fabric regained its superior flame retardancy after being washed and re-chelated with Ba<sup>2+</sup>. Additional characteristics of the cotton fabric, such as the rupture strength, white degree, and hygroscopicity, were maintained at an acceptable level. In conclusion, this research can offer a fresh perspective on the design and development of straightforward, efficient, eco-friendly, and recoverable fire-retardant fabrics.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/22/5306cotton textilefire resistancesulfonic acid groupchemical bondingchelation effect |
| spellingShingle | Lingling Guo Hongqin Lin Zhenming Qi Jiang Pan Haiyan Mao Chunmei Huang Guoqiang Li Chunxia Wang Study on Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabric Modified by Sulfonic Groups Chelated with Ba<sup>2+</sup> Molecules cotton textile fire resistance sulfonic acid group chemical bonding chelation effect |
| title | Study on Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabric Modified by Sulfonic Groups Chelated with Ba<sup>2+</sup> |
| title_full | Study on Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabric Modified by Sulfonic Groups Chelated with Ba<sup>2+</sup> |
| title_fullStr | Study on Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabric Modified by Sulfonic Groups Chelated with Ba<sup>2+</sup> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Study on Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabric Modified by Sulfonic Groups Chelated with Ba<sup>2+</sup> |
| title_short | Study on Flame Retardancy of Cotton Fabric Modified by Sulfonic Groups Chelated with Ba<sup>2+</sup> |
| title_sort | study on flame retardancy of cotton fabric modified by sulfonic groups chelated with ba sup 2 sup |
| topic | cotton textile fire resistance sulfonic acid group chemical bonding chelation effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/22/5306 |
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