Enhancement of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of walnut peptides: Insights into the effect of ultrasound on protein structure and peptide function

This study investigated the effect of ultrasound on structure of walnut protein (WP) and the release of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides during protein hydrolysis. The protein structure of WP was observed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spect...

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Main Authors: Xueying Song, Ruili Liu, Yihan Mu, Shuguang Wang, Guowan Su
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Food Chemistry Advances
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25000474
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author Xueying Song
Ruili Liu
Yihan Mu
Shuguang Wang
Guowan Su
author_facet Xueying Song
Ruili Liu
Yihan Mu
Shuguang Wang
Guowan Su
author_sort Xueying Song
collection DOAJ
description This study investigated the effect of ultrasound on structure of walnut protein (WP) and the release of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides during protein hydrolysis. The protein structure of WP was observed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that ultrasound pretreatment (UP) could induce hydrogen-bond breaking, structural unfolding and hydrophobic group exposure of WP, resulting in protein aggregates. LC−MS/MS results exhibited that the structural change of WP promoted the release of peptides containing Phe and Pro during enzymatic hydrolysis. C/N terminal-Phe and Leu-Pro were considered to be the characteristic structure of ACE inhibitory peptides released from WP by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis. Three novel ACE inhibitory peptides (LLPSF, LPQFF, and NLPLPF) were screened by toxicity, sensitization and molecular docking (≥-9.0 kcal/mol). Using network pharmacology to comprehensively evaluate the antihypertensive ability of the peptides, results showed that above peptides may take ACE and renin (REN) as the main targets, and exert their antihypertensive advantage through multi-target combination. GO and KEGG also highlighted their potential in regulating pathways related to hypertension and cardiovascular health.
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series Food Chemistry Advances
spelling doaj-art-a758d569124f4b04a37f5ef035086a3f2025-08-20T02:55:45ZengElsevierFood Chemistry Advances2772-753X2025-03-01610093110.1016/j.focha.2025.100931Enhancement of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of walnut peptides: Insights into the effect of ultrasound on protein structure and peptide functionXueying Song0Ruili Liu1Yihan Mu2Shuguang Wang3Guowan Su4School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510650, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510650, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510650, ChinaFaculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou, 510650, China; Corresponding author.This study investigated the effect of ultrasound on structure of walnut protein (WP) and the release of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides during protein hydrolysis. The protein structure of WP was observed by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that ultrasound pretreatment (UP) could induce hydrogen-bond breaking, structural unfolding and hydrophobic group exposure of WP, resulting in protein aggregates. LC−MS/MS results exhibited that the structural change of WP promoted the release of peptides containing Phe and Pro during enzymatic hydrolysis. C/N terminal-Phe and Leu-Pro were considered to be the characteristic structure of ACE inhibitory peptides released from WP by ultrasound-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis. Three novel ACE inhibitory peptides (LLPSF, LPQFF, and NLPLPF) were screened by toxicity, sensitization and molecular docking (≥-9.0 kcal/mol). Using network pharmacology to comprehensively evaluate the antihypertensive ability of the peptides, results showed that above peptides may take ACE and renin (REN) as the main targets, and exert their antihypertensive advantage through multi-target combination. GO and KEGG also highlighted their potential in regulating pathways related to hypertension and cardiovascular health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25000474Ultrasonic treatmentWalnut proteinAngiotensin converting enzymePeptideNetwork pharmacology
spellingShingle Xueying Song
Ruili Liu
Yihan Mu
Shuguang Wang
Guowan Su
Enhancement of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of walnut peptides: Insights into the effect of ultrasound on protein structure and peptide function
Food Chemistry Advances
Ultrasonic treatment
Walnut protein
Angiotensin converting enzyme
Peptide
Network pharmacology
title Enhancement of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of walnut peptides: Insights into the effect of ultrasound on protein structure and peptide function
title_full Enhancement of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of walnut peptides: Insights into the effect of ultrasound on protein structure and peptide function
title_fullStr Enhancement of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of walnut peptides: Insights into the effect of ultrasound on protein structure and peptide function
title_full_unstemmed Enhancement of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of walnut peptides: Insights into the effect of ultrasound on protein structure and peptide function
title_short Enhancement of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity of walnut peptides: Insights into the effect of ultrasound on protein structure and peptide function
title_sort enhancement of angiotensin converting enzyme ace inhibitory activity of walnut peptides insights into the effect of ultrasound on protein structure and peptide function
topic Ultrasonic treatment
Walnut protein
Angiotensin converting enzyme
Peptide
Network pharmacology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772753X25000474
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