Prevalence of Hepatitis C in the Emilia-Romagna Region of Italy: Population-Wide Screening

In agreement with WHO recommendations, the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, implemented a population-wide HCV screening program for the treatment of the large asymptomatic infected population. From January 2022, the free-of-charge screening targeted all residents born between 1969 and 1989, prison inma...

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Main Authors: Gianmarco Imperiali, Matteo Fiore, Alessandro Bianconi, Giovanna Mattei, Giulio Matteo, Giuseppe Diegoli, Esther Rita De Gioia, Cecilia Acuti Martellucci, Maria Elena Flacco, Lamberto Manzoli, Regional HCV Working Group
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Viruses
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/843
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author Gianmarco Imperiali
Matteo Fiore
Alessandro Bianconi
Giovanna Mattei
Giulio Matteo
Giuseppe Diegoli
Esther Rita De Gioia
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci
Maria Elena Flacco
Lamberto Manzoli
Regional HCV Working Group
author_facet Gianmarco Imperiali
Matteo Fiore
Alessandro Bianconi
Giovanna Mattei
Giulio Matteo
Giuseppe Diegoli
Esther Rita De Gioia
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci
Maria Elena Flacco
Lamberto Manzoli
Regional HCV Working Group
author_sort Gianmarco Imperiali
collection DOAJ
description In agreement with WHO recommendations, the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, implemented a population-wide HCV screening program for the treatment of the large asymptomatic infected population. From January 2022, the free-of-charge screening targeted all residents born between 1969 and 1989, prison inmates, and injection drug users. Participants were recruited using phone messages, electronic health record notifications, public advertisement, and direct contact with general practitioners. A single blood sample was collected for anti-HCV IgG testing and, if positive, for reflex HCV–RNA testing. Infected subjects were offered an evidence-based therapeutic pathway. By June 2024, 72.8% of high-risk subjects (<i>n</i> = 19,732), and 36.9% of the general population (<i>n</i> = 488,065) had been screened. A total of 1032 individuals were positive based on the HCV–RNA test, and the detection rate widely differed between the high-risk and the general population (23.8‰ vs. 1.2‰, respectively). Of the infected individuals, 88.1% were seen by a specialist physician, and 74.3% (<i>n</i> = 767) started antiviral therapy. Thanks to multiple recruitment approaches, over one third of the general population participated in HCV screening. The program performance was substantially greater among high-risk individuals compared to the general population. To achieve WHO targets, policymakers might consider expanding the screening to other high-risk subgroups and/or adapting birth cohorts.
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spelling doaj-art-a757297633754a33849e7e2d1cbae23d2025-08-20T03:32:32ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152025-06-0117684310.3390/v17060843Prevalence of Hepatitis C in the Emilia-Romagna Region of Italy: Population-Wide ScreeningGianmarco Imperiali0Matteo Fiore1Alessandro Bianconi2Giovanna Mattei3Giulio Matteo4Giuseppe Diegoli5Esther Rita De Gioia6Cecilia Acuti Martellucci7Maria Elena Flacco8Lamberto Manzoli9Regional HCV Working GroupSection of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalySection of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalySection of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyEmilia-Romagna Region Collective Prevention and Public Health Department, 40127 Bologna, ItalyEmilia-Romagna Region Collective Prevention and Public Health Department, 40127 Bologna, ItalyEmilia-Romagna Region Collective Prevention and Public Health Department, 40127 Bologna, ItalySection of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalySection of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, ItalySection of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, ItalyIn agreement with WHO recommendations, the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy, implemented a population-wide HCV screening program for the treatment of the large asymptomatic infected population. From January 2022, the free-of-charge screening targeted all residents born between 1969 and 1989, prison inmates, and injection drug users. Participants were recruited using phone messages, electronic health record notifications, public advertisement, and direct contact with general practitioners. A single blood sample was collected for anti-HCV IgG testing and, if positive, for reflex HCV–RNA testing. Infected subjects were offered an evidence-based therapeutic pathway. By June 2024, 72.8% of high-risk subjects (<i>n</i> = 19,732), and 36.9% of the general population (<i>n</i> = 488,065) had been screened. A total of 1032 individuals were positive based on the HCV–RNA test, and the detection rate widely differed between the high-risk and the general population (23.8‰ vs. 1.2‰, respectively). Of the infected individuals, 88.1% were seen by a specialist physician, and 74.3% (<i>n</i> = 767) started antiviral therapy. Thanks to multiple recruitment approaches, over one third of the general population participated in HCV screening. The program performance was substantially greater among high-risk individuals compared to the general population. To achieve WHO targets, policymakers might consider expanding the screening to other high-risk subgroups and/or adapting birth cohorts.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/843Hepatitis C VirusscreeningHCV prevalenceprison inmatesdrug addiction1969–1989
spellingShingle Gianmarco Imperiali
Matteo Fiore
Alessandro Bianconi
Giovanna Mattei
Giulio Matteo
Giuseppe Diegoli
Esther Rita De Gioia
Cecilia Acuti Martellucci
Maria Elena Flacco
Lamberto Manzoli
Regional HCV Working Group
Prevalence of Hepatitis C in the Emilia-Romagna Region of Italy: Population-Wide Screening
Viruses
Hepatitis C Virus
screening
HCV prevalence
prison inmates
drug addiction
1969–1989
title Prevalence of Hepatitis C in the Emilia-Romagna Region of Italy: Population-Wide Screening
title_full Prevalence of Hepatitis C in the Emilia-Romagna Region of Italy: Population-Wide Screening
title_fullStr Prevalence of Hepatitis C in the Emilia-Romagna Region of Italy: Population-Wide Screening
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of Hepatitis C in the Emilia-Romagna Region of Italy: Population-Wide Screening
title_short Prevalence of Hepatitis C in the Emilia-Romagna Region of Italy: Population-Wide Screening
title_sort prevalence of hepatitis c in the emilia romagna region of italy population wide screening
topic Hepatitis C Virus
screening
HCV prevalence
prison inmates
drug addiction
1969–1989
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/17/6/843
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