Transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis

Abstract Mental health apps that adopt a transdiagnostic approach to addressing depression and anxiety are emerging, yet a synthesis of their evidence-base is missing. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety, and aimed to understand how th...

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Main Authors: Jake Linardon, Cleo Anderson, Mariel Messer, Claudia Liu, John Torous
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:npj Digital Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01860-3
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author Jake Linardon
Cleo Anderson
Mariel Messer
Claudia Liu
John Torous
author_facet Jake Linardon
Cleo Anderson
Mariel Messer
Claudia Liu
John Torous
author_sort Jake Linardon
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mental health apps that adopt a transdiagnostic approach to addressing depression and anxiety are emerging, yet a synthesis of their evidence-base is missing. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety, and aimed to understand how they compare to diagnostic-specific apps. Nineteen randomized controlled trials (N = 5165) were included. Transdiagnostic-focused apps produced small post-intervention effects relative to controls on pooled outcomes related depression, anxiety and distress (N = 23 comparisons; g = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.17–0.40). Effects remained significant across various sensitivity analyses. CBT apps and apps that were compared with a waitlist produced larger effects. Significant effects were found at follow-up (g = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.41). Effects were comparable to disorder-specific app estimates. Findings highlight the potential of transdiagnostic apps to provide accessible support for managing depression and anxiety. Their broad applicability highlights their public health relevance, especially when combined with in-person transdiagnostic therapies to create new hybrid care models.
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spelling doaj-art-a73ed3d6932e46c68c8443908445f9fd2025-08-20T04:02:46ZengNature Portfolionpj Digital Medicine2398-63522025-07-018111210.1038/s41746-025-01860-3Transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety: a meta-analysisJake Linardon0Cleo Anderson1Mariel Messer2Claudia Liu3John Torous4SEED Lifespan Strategic Research Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin UniversitySEED Lifespan Strategic Research Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin UniversitySEED Lifespan Strategic Research Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin UniversitySEED Lifespan Strategic Research Centre, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin UniversityDivision of Digital Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical SchoolAbstract Mental health apps that adopt a transdiagnostic approach to addressing depression and anxiety are emerging, yet a synthesis of their evidence-base is missing. This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety, and aimed to understand how they compare to diagnostic-specific apps. Nineteen randomized controlled trials (N = 5165) were included. Transdiagnostic-focused apps produced small post-intervention effects relative to controls on pooled outcomes related depression, anxiety and distress (N = 23 comparisons; g = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.17–0.40). Effects remained significant across various sensitivity analyses. CBT apps and apps that were compared with a waitlist produced larger effects. Significant effects were found at follow-up (g = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.41). Effects were comparable to disorder-specific app estimates. Findings highlight the potential of transdiagnostic apps to provide accessible support for managing depression and anxiety. Their broad applicability highlights their public health relevance, especially when combined with in-person transdiagnostic therapies to create new hybrid care models.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01860-3
spellingShingle Jake Linardon
Cleo Anderson
Mariel Messer
Claudia Liu
John Torous
Transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
npj Digital Medicine
title Transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
title_full Transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
title_fullStr Transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
title_short Transdiagnostic-focused apps for depression and anxiety: a meta-analysis
title_sort transdiagnostic focused apps for depression and anxiety a meta analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-025-01860-3
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