Prediction of Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis using machine learning models based on ultrasound radiomics: a multicenter study

Abstract Background Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis is often underdiagnosed due to the lack of antibody markers. Combining ultrasound radiomics with machine learning offers potential for early detection in patients with normal thyroid function. Methods Data from 164 patients with single th...

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Main Authors: Wenjun Wu, Shengsheng Yao, Daming Liu, Yuan Luo, Yihan Sun, Ting Ruan, Mengyou Liu, Li Shi, Chang Liu, Mingming Xiao, Qi Zhang, Zhengshuai Liu, Xingai Ju, Jiahao Wang, Xiang Fei, Li Lu, Yang Gao, Ying Zhang, Liying Gong, Xuanyu Chen, Wanli Zheng, Xiali Niu, Xiao Yang, Huimei Cao, Shijie Chang, Jianchun Cui, Zuoxin Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Immunology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00708-5
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author Wenjun Wu
Shengsheng Yao
Daming Liu
Yuan Luo
Yihan Sun
Ting Ruan
Mengyou Liu
Li Shi
Chang Liu
Mingming Xiao
Qi Zhang
Zhengshuai Liu
Xingai Ju
Jiahao Wang
Xiang Fei
Li Lu
Yang Gao
Ying Zhang
Liying Gong
Xuanyu Chen
Wanli Zheng
Xiali Niu
Xiao Yang
Huimei Cao
Shijie Chang
Jianchun Cui
Zuoxin Ma
author_facet Wenjun Wu
Shengsheng Yao
Daming Liu
Yuan Luo
Yihan Sun
Ting Ruan
Mengyou Liu
Li Shi
Chang Liu
Mingming Xiao
Qi Zhang
Zhengshuai Liu
Xingai Ju
Jiahao Wang
Xiang Fei
Li Lu
Yang Gao
Ying Zhang
Liying Gong
Xuanyu Chen
Wanli Zheng
Xiali Niu
Xiao Yang
Huimei Cao
Shijie Chang
Jianchun Cui
Zuoxin Ma
author_sort Wenjun Wu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis is often underdiagnosed due to the lack of antibody markers. Combining ultrasound radiomics with machine learning offers potential for early detection in patients with normal thyroid function. Methods Data from 164 patients with single thyroid lesions and normal thyroid function, treated surgically between 2016 and 2024, were retrospectively collected from four hospitals. Radiomics features were extracted from ultrasound images of non-tumorous hypoechoic areas. Pathological lymphocytic infiltration and hypoechoic ratios were evaluated by senior pathologists and ultrasound physicians. A machine learning model, CCH-NET, was developed using a random forest classifier after feature selection with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. The model was trained and tested with an 80:20 split and compared to senior ultrasound physicians. Results The CCH-NET model achieved a sensitivity of 0.762, specificity of 0.714, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8248, outperforming senior ultrasound physicians (AUC = 0.681). It maintained consistent accuracy across test sets, with F1 scores of 0.778 and 0.720 in Test_1 and Test_2, respectively, and exhibited superior predictive rates. Conclusion The CCH-NET model enhances accuracy in detecting early Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis over senior ultrasound physicians. Ethics No. [2023] H013 Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry;CTR2400092179; 12 November 2024.
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spelling doaj-art-a73cf36f85514af698b92b9736e1e95c2025-08-20T02:17:13ZengBMCBMC Immunology1471-21722025-04-0126111210.1186/s12865-025-00708-5Prediction of Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis using machine learning models based on ultrasound radiomics: a multicenter studyWenjun Wu0Shengsheng Yao1Daming Liu2Yuan Luo3Yihan Sun4Ting Ruan5Mengyou Liu6Li Shi7Chang Liu8Mingming Xiao9Qi Zhang10Zhengshuai Liu11Xingai Ju12Jiahao Wang13Xiang Fei14Li Lu15Yang Gao16Ying Zhang17Liying Gong18Xuanyu Chen19Wanli Zheng20Xiali Niu21Xiao Yang22Huimei Cao23Shijie Chang24Jianchun Cui25Zuoxin Ma26Liaoning University of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Department of Ultrasound Medicine, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Department of Cardiology, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Liaoning University of Chinese MedicineDepartment of Thyroid Surgery, Lixin County People’s HospitalJinzhou Medical College Linghai Dalinghe HospitalSchool of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathology, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Department of Ultrasound Medicine, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Fengcheng Phoenix HospitalDepartment of General Medicine, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical UniversityDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Department of Endocrinology, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Department of Medical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Jinzhou Medical UniversityJinzhou Medical UniversityDepartment of General Medicine, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Jinzhou Medical College Linghai Dalinghe HospitalSchool of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical UniversityDepartment of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Department of Medical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of China Medical University (Liaoning Provincial People’s Hospital)Abstract Background Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis is often underdiagnosed due to the lack of antibody markers. Combining ultrasound radiomics with machine learning offers potential for early detection in patients with normal thyroid function. Methods Data from 164 patients with single thyroid lesions and normal thyroid function, treated surgically between 2016 and 2024, were retrospectively collected from four hospitals. Radiomics features were extracted from ultrasound images of non-tumorous hypoechoic areas. Pathological lymphocytic infiltration and hypoechoic ratios were evaluated by senior pathologists and ultrasound physicians. A machine learning model, CCH-NET, was developed using a random forest classifier after feature selection with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. The model was trained and tested with an 80:20 split and compared to senior ultrasound physicians. Results The CCH-NET model achieved a sensitivity of 0.762, specificity of 0.714, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8248, outperforming senior ultrasound physicians (AUC = 0.681). It maintained consistent accuracy across test sets, with F1 scores of 0.778 and 0.720 in Test_1 and Test_2, respectively, and exhibited superior predictive rates. Conclusion The CCH-NET model enhances accuracy in detecting early Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis over senior ultrasound physicians. Ethics No. [2023] H013 Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry;CTR2400092179; 12 November 2024.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00708-5RadiomicsHashimoto’s thyroiditis(HT)Seronegative Hashimoto thyroiditisMachine learningUltrasound imagingHypothyroidism
spellingShingle Wenjun Wu
Shengsheng Yao
Daming Liu
Yuan Luo
Yihan Sun
Ting Ruan
Mengyou Liu
Li Shi
Chang Liu
Mingming Xiao
Qi Zhang
Zhengshuai Liu
Xingai Ju
Jiahao Wang
Xiang Fei
Li Lu
Yang Gao
Ying Zhang
Liying Gong
Xuanyu Chen
Wanli Zheng
Xiali Niu
Xiao Yang
Huimei Cao
Shijie Chang
Jianchun Cui
Zuoxin Ma
Prediction of Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis using machine learning models based on ultrasound radiomics: a multicenter study
BMC Immunology
Radiomics
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(HT)
Seronegative Hashimoto thyroiditis
Machine learning
Ultrasound imaging
Hypothyroidism
title Prediction of Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis using machine learning models based on ultrasound radiomics: a multicenter study
title_full Prediction of Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis using machine learning models based on ultrasound radiomics: a multicenter study
title_fullStr Prediction of Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis using machine learning models based on ultrasound radiomics: a multicenter study
title_full_unstemmed Prediction of Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis using machine learning models based on ultrasound radiomics: a multicenter study
title_short Prediction of Seronegative Hashimoto's thyroiditis using machine learning models based on ultrasound radiomics: a multicenter study
title_sort prediction of seronegative hashimoto s thyroiditis using machine learning models based on ultrasound radiomics a multicenter study
topic Radiomics
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(HT)
Seronegative Hashimoto thyroiditis
Machine learning
Ultrasound imaging
Hypothyroidism
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12865-025-00708-5
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