Fixed and removable orthodontic retainers, effects on periodontal health compared: A systematic review

The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the properties of the different types of orthodontic retainers, identify their differences and define which type of device is most effective and less harmful to periodontal health. Methods: A literature search was carried out by a reviewer by consultin...

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Main Authors: Vincenzo Quinzi, Elisabetta Carli, Alessandra Mummolo, Federica De Benedictis, Simone Ettore Salvati, Gianluca Mampieri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2023-03-01
Series:Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426823000271
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author Vincenzo Quinzi
Elisabetta Carli
Alessandra Mummolo
Federica De Benedictis
Simone Ettore Salvati
Gianluca Mampieri
author_facet Vincenzo Quinzi
Elisabetta Carli
Alessandra Mummolo
Federica De Benedictis
Simone Ettore Salvati
Gianluca Mampieri
author_sort Vincenzo Quinzi
collection DOAJ
description The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the properties of the different types of orthodontic retainers, identify their differences and define which type of device is most effective and less harmful to periodontal health. Methods: A literature search was carried out by a reviewer by consulting PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Medline full text, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Science Direct electronic databases for biomedical and health literature as well as the grey literature and setting up the search from December 2010 without any restriction about articles languages. Results: The results showed that patients who wear retainers for a long period have significant differences in clinical parameters compared to patients without retainers. The type of retainer chosen also significantly influences the overall periodontal health of patients. Fixed retainers, both glass-fibre reinforced and steel wire retainers, proved to be the retainer type with the highest plaque and calculus accumulation values compared to removable retainers. In addition, among fixed retainers, glass-fibre reinforced retainers proved to be those that mostly promote the plaque and calculus accumulation in the application site. Conclusion: Fixed retainers are the best devices to maintain the alignment of mandibular anterior teeth in the long term. Among these devices, stainless steel lingual retainers, plain or braided, should remain the first choice. Although they are also susceptible to periodontal complications, their effect on periodontal health can be considered statistically insignificant if compared to glass-fibre reinforced retainers which, showing worse periodontal complications, should not be used.
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spelling doaj-art-a73caf9aab2e4cd99658bdbb25abcebc2025-08-20T02:50:20ZengElsevierJournal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research2212-42682023-03-0113233734610.1016/j.jobcr.2023.02.015Fixed and removable orthodontic retainers, effects on periodontal health compared: A systematic reviewVincenzo Quinzi0Elisabetta Carli1Alessandra Mummolo2Federica De Benedictis3Simone Ettore Salvati4Gianluca Mampieri5Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, ItalyDepartment of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; Corresponding author. Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Via G. Petrini, Building Delta 6 - Unit of Dentistry, 67100, Coppito, AQ, Italy.Department of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, ItalyThe aim of this systematic review is to analyze the properties of the different types of orthodontic retainers, identify their differences and define which type of device is most effective and less harmful to periodontal health. Methods: A literature search was carried out by a reviewer by consulting PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Medline full text, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Science Direct electronic databases for biomedical and health literature as well as the grey literature and setting up the search from December 2010 without any restriction about articles languages. Results: The results showed that patients who wear retainers for a long period have significant differences in clinical parameters compared to patients without retainers. The type of retainer chosen also significantly influences the overall periodontal health of patients. Fixed retainers, both glass-fibre reinforced and steel wire retainers, proved to be the retainer type with the highest plaque and calculus accumulation values compared to removable retainers. In addition, among fixed retainers, glass-fibre reinforced retainers proved to be those that mostly promote the plaque and calculus accumulation in the application site. Conclusion: Fixed retainers are the best devices to maintain the alignment of mandibular anterior teeth in the long term. Among these devices, stainless steel lingual retainers, plain or braided, should remain the first choice. Although they are also susceptible to periodontal complications, their effect on periodontal health can be considered statistically insignificant if compared to glass-fibre reinforced retainers which, showing worse periodontal complications, should not be used.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426823000271Fixed orthodontic appliancesRemovable orthodontic appliancesOrthodontic retainersPeriodontal indexGingivitis
spellingShingle Vincenzo Quinzi
Elisabetta Carli
Alessandra Mummolo
Federica De Benedictis
Simone Ettore Salvati
Gianluca Mampieri
Fixed and removable orthodontic retainers, effects on periodontal health compared: A systematic review
Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
Fixed orthodontic appliances
Removable orthodontic appliances
Orthodontic retainers
Periodontal index
Gingivitis
title Fixed and removable orthodontic retainers, effects on periodontal health compared: A systematic review
title_full Fixed and removable orthodontic retainers, effects on periodontal health compared: A systematic review
title_fullStr Fixed and removable orthodontic retainers, effects on periodontal health compared: A systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Fixed and removable orthodontic retainers, effects on periodontal health compared: A systematic review
title_short Fixed and removable orthodontic retainers, effects on periodontal health compared: A systematic review
title_sort fixed and removable orthodontic retainers effects on periodontal health compared a systematic review
topic Fixed orthodontic appliances
Removable orthodontic appliances
Orthodontic retainers
Periodontal index
Gingivitis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212426823000271
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