Heart of Darkness: The Fictive Bridge from Durkheim’s Homo Duplex to Freud’s Civilization’s Discontents

This essay undertakes an analysis of the underlying causes behind Kurtz’s difficulties in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, primarily drawing upon the scholarly works of Emile Durkheim and Sigmund Freud regarding civilization and its discontents. Drawing from sociological and psychological concepts...

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Main Author: Sinan Gül
Format: Article
Language:deu
Published: Istanbul University Press 2023-12-01
Series:Litera: Dil, Edebiyat ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi
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Online Access:https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/981FE4FC9A334DCA98CDE707ACD6C53C
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author Sinan Gül
author_facet Sinan Gül
author_sort Sinan Gül
collection DOAJ
description This essay undertakes an analysis of the underlying causes behind Kurtz’s difficulties in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, primarily drawing upon the scholarly works of Emile Durkheim and Sigmund Freud regarding civilization and its discontents. Drawing from sociological and psychological concepts of the late nineteenth century and examining instances of alienation within industrialized society, the paper approaches Kurtz’s issues of corruption through Durkheim’s homo duplex and Freud’s theory of psychological conflicts among the id, ego, and superego. Kurtz emerges as a construct and casualty of European society, burdened by its imposition of strict rules and regulations aimed at subduing primal desires and interests in favor of collective security, peace, and social order. Therefore, his liberation from the oppressive structures of European society in the Congo grants him the opportunity to expose his primal self, characterized by inclinations towards violence, debauchery, and transgressive behavior. The responsibility for transforming Mr. Kurtz into the ruler of the jungle cannot be placed solely on the natives, as the central culprit, as elucidated by Conrad’s interventions in the text, is the European civilization that curtails and suppresses individual identities and desires. The essay portrays the prevalent discontentment and restlessness inherent in the early stages of industrial society through a combination of sociological and psychological elements and fictive characters.
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series Litera: Dil, Edebiyat ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi
spelling doaj-art-a722aeb92a084cb6aacb4431a01621cd2025-08-20T03:48:46ZdeuIstanbul University PressLitera: Dil, Edebiyat ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi2602-21172023-12-0133233135210.26650/LITERA2023-1205179123456Heart of Darkness: The Fictive Bridge from Durkheim’s Homo Duplex to Freud’s Civilization’s DiscontentsSinan Gül0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4529-6699Milli Savunma Üniversitesi, Istanbul, TurkiyeThis essay undertakes an analysis of the underlying causes behind Kurtz’s difficulties in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, primarily drawing upon the scholarly works of Emile Durkheim and Sigmund Freud regarding civilization and its discontents. Drawing from sociological and psychological concepts of the late nineteenth century and examining instances of alienation within industrialized society, the paper approaches Kurtz’s issues of corruption through Durkheim’s homo duplex and Freud’s theory of psychological conflicts among the id, ego, and superego. Kurtz emerges as a construct and casualty of European society, burdened by its imposition of strict rules and regulations aimed at subduing primal desires and interests in favor of collective security, peace, and social order. Therefore, his liberation from the oppressive structures of European society in the Congo grants him the opportunity to expose his primal self, characterized by inclinations towards violence, debauchery, and transgressive behavior. The responsibility for transforming Mr. Kurtz into the ruler of the jungle cannot be placed solely on the natives, as the central culprit, as elucidated by Conrad’s interventions in the text, is the European civilization that curtails and suppresses individual identities and desires. The essay portrays the prevalent discontentment and restlessness inherent in the early stages of industrial society through a combination of sociological and psychological elements and fictive characters.https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/981FE4FC9A334DCA98CDE707ACD6C53Cheart of darknessjoseph conradhomo duplexcivilizationprimal instinct
spellingShingle Sinan Gül
Heart of Darkness: The Fictive Bridge from Durkheim’s Homo Duplex to Freud’s Civilization’s Discontents
Litera: Dil, Edebiyat ve Kültür Araştırmaları Dergisi
heart of darkness
joseph conrad
homo duplex
civilization
primal instinct
title Heart of Darkness: The Fictive Bridge from Durkheim’s Homo Duplex to Freud’s Civilization’s Discontents
title_full Heart of Darkness: The Fictive Bridge from Durkheim’s Homo Duplex to Freud’s Civilization’s Discontents
title_fullStr Heart of Darkness: The Fictive Bridge from Durkheim’s Homo Duplex to Freud’s Civilization’s Discontents
title_full_unstemmed Heart of Darkness: The Fictive Bridge from Durkheim’s Homo Duplex to Freud’s Civilization’s Discontents
title_short Heart of Darkness: The Fictive Bridge from Durkheim’s Homo Duplex to Freud’s Civilization’s Discontents
title_sort heart of darkness the fictive bridge from durkheim s homo duplex to freud s civilization s discontents
topic heart of darkness
joseph conrad
homo duplex
civilization
primal instinct
url https://cdn.istanbul.edu.tr/file/JTA6CLJ8T5/981FE4FC9A334DCA98CDE707ACD6C53C
work_keys_str_mv AT sinangul heartofdarknessthefictivebridgefromdurkheimshomoduplextofreudscivilizationsdiscontents