The impact of exercise on prostate-specific antigen and testosterone in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Exercise prescription can promote the rehabilitation of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). However, the effect of exercise intervention onserum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone remains unclear.Methods The primary outcome was the effect of exercise prescription...

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Main Authors: Fuxun Zhang, Zhirong Luo, Qi Xue, Xuyan Guo, Wei Zhang, Yang Xiong, Yong Jiao, Uzoamaka Adaobi Okoli, Geng Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:The Aging Male
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/13685538.2025.2549292
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author Fuxun Zhang
Zhirong Luo
Qi Xue
Xuyan Guo
Wei Zhang
Yang Xiong
Yong Jiao
Uzoamaka Adaobi Okoli
Geng Zhang
author_facet Fuxun Zhang
Zhirong Luo
Qi Xue
Xuyan Guo
Wei Zhang
Yang Xiong
Yong Jiao
Uzoamaka Adaobi Okoli
Geng Zhang
author_sort Fuxun Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Background Exercise prescription can promote the rehabilitation of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). However, the effect of exercise intervention onserum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone remains unclear.Methods The primary outcome was the effect of exercise prescription on PSA level. The secondary outcome was the effect of exercise training on testosterone level. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was selected as the indicator. Meta-regression was conducted to assess the relationship between covariates and outcomes. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test.Results The data of 594 patients from 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included and analyzed. Pooled effect of exercise intervention on PSA was 0.13 (95% CI: −0.04 to 0.29, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.984), while the pooled effect on testosterone was 0.19 (95% CI: −0.00 to 0.39, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.435). The meta-regression showed there was no significant association of age, body mass index, and the exercise duration with PSA or testosterone. No significant publication bias was detected in meta-analysis.Conclusions Although many benefits were documented, exercise intervention have no significant effect on PSA and testosterone levels in PCa patients.
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spelling doaj-art-a70f421c49b644ff91eeb55d07f2b9282025-08-22T05:44:18ZengTaylor & Francis GroupThe Aging Male1368-55381473-07902025-12-0128110.1080/13685538.2025.2549292The impact of exercise on prostate-specific antigen and testosterone in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysisFuxun Zhang0Zhirong Luo1Qi Xue2Xuyan Guo3Wei Zhang4Yang Xiong5Yong Jiao6Uzoamaka Adaobi Okoli7Geng Zhang8Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaDivision of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UKDepartment of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaBackground Exercise prescription can promote the rehabilitation of patients with prostate cancer (PCa). However, the effect of exercise intervention onserum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone remains unclear.Methods The primary outcome was the effect of exercise prescription on PSA level. The secondary outcome was the effect of exercise training on testosterone level. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was selected as the indicator. Meta-regression was conducted to assess the relationship between covariates and outcomes. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test.Results The data of 594 patients from 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included and analyzed. Pooled effect of exercise intervention on PSA was 0.13 (95% CI: −0.04 to 0.29, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.984), while the pooled effect on testosterone was 0.19 (95% CI: −0.00 to 0.39, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.435). The meta-regression showed there was no significant association of age, body mass index, and the exercise duration with PSA or testosterone. No significant publication bias was detected in meta-analysis.Conclusions Although many benefits were documented, exercise intervention have no significant effect on PSA and testosterone levels in PCa patients.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/13685538.2025.2549292Prostate cancertreatmentexerciseprostate-specific antigentestosterone
spellingShingle Fuxun Zhang
Zhirong Luo
Qi Xue
Xuyan Guo
Wei Zhang
Yang Xiong
Yong Jiao
Uzoamaka Adaobi Okoli
Geng Zhang
The impact of exercise on prostate-specific antigen and testosterone in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The Aging Male
Prostate cancer
treatment
exercise
prostate-specific antigen
testosterone
title The impact of exercise on prostate-specific antigen and testosterone in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full The impact of exercise on prostate-specific antigen and testosterone in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr The impact of exercise on prostate-specific antigen and testosterone in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed The impact of exercise on prostate-specific antigen and testosterone in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short The impact of exercise on prostate-specific antigen and testosterone in prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort impact of exercise on prostate specific antigen and testosterone in prostate cancer a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Prostate cancer
treatment
exercise
prostate-specific antigen
testosterone
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/13685538.2025.2549292
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