Online Tailored Decision Aid for Maternal Pertussis Vaccination in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Process Evaluation Study
BackgroundTo promote informed decision-making and maternal pertussis vaccination (MPV) uptake, we systematically developed an interactive, web-based decision aid for pregnant users. Intervention reach (the percentage of participants in the intervention group who used the inte...
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JMIR Publications
2025-07-01
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| Series: | JMIR Formative Research |
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| author | Charlotte Anraad Pepijn van Empelen Robert AC Ruiter Hilde M van Keulen |
| author_facet | Charlotte Anraad Pepijn van Empelen Robert AC Ruiter Hilde M van Keulen |
| author_sort | Charlotte Anraad |
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BackgroundTo promote informed decision-making and maternal pertussis vaccination (MPV) uptake, we systematically developed an interactive, web-based decision aid for pregnant users. Intervention reach (the percentage of participants in the intervention group who used the intervention), use (how much and how long those participants used the intervention), and acceptability (how positively they evaluated the intervention) are essential for it to be effective and should be reported to assess which intervention components may have been effective.
ObjectiveThis is a process evaluation aiming to evaluate (1) the reach and (2) the use, and (3) the acceptability of the intervention.
MethodsWe analyzed the reach and use of the intervention among participants in the intervention group of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that assessed the effects of an online tailored decision aid in the form of a web app. Participants were recruited via social media and midwifery clinics and invited via email to use the intervention at 18 weeks of pregnancy. Reach was measured objectively by assessing the number of participants who visited the intervention at least once. Use of the intervention was logged and included time spent on the decision aid, the number of times clicked, pages visited, and answers given in interactive components. Data from the baseline survey (at <18 wk of pregnancy) were used to measure sociodemographics, informed decision-making, MPV uptake, and determinants of uptake. A posttest survey (20-22 weeks of pregnancy) was used to evaluate the acceptability of the decision aid. We report the findings descriptively and assess baseline differences between those who used versus those who did not use the intervention.
ResultsOf the 586 participants in the intervention group, 463 (79%) reached the home page of the intervention. Intervention reach appeared higher among those in their first pregnancy (8.35% difference, P=.11), those recruited via their midwife rather than via social media (10.56% difference, P=.04), and those who had completed a higher educational level (7.35% difference, P=.06). On average, participants spent 4.25 (SD 4.39) minutes on the decision aid. Most participants used the decision aid once (56.2% of those who reached it, n=260) or twice (26.6%, n=123). The average number of clicks was 27.24 (SD 25.08) and varied widely. Regarding acceptability, participants evaluated the decision aid positively with an overall grade of 8.0 out of 10 (SD 1.01). In total, 38.9% (180/463) of participants who used the intervention indicated that the decision aid helped them with their MPV decision-making.
ConclusionsThe reach of the decision aid was successful with 79%, and participants were very positive about the decision aid. The use of the intervention (eg, time spent on the intervention) leaves room for improvement and should be improved to maximize intervention effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a706f8ab12304fcd9a6a447d2fa1d96b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2561-326X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | JMIR Publications |
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| series | JMIR Formative Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-a706f8ab12304fcd9a6a447d2fa1d96b2025-08-20T03:28:25ZengJMIR PublicationsJMIR Formative Research2561-326X2025-07-019e5070910.2196/50709Online Tailored Decision Aid for Maternal Pertussis Vaccination in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Process Evaluation StudyCharlotte Anraadhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9391-1097Pepijn van Empelenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9809-7650Robert AC Ruiterhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5017-3258Hilde M van Keulenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8194-3478 BackgroundTo promote informed decision-making and maternal pertussis vaccination (MPV) uptake, we systematically developed an interactive, web-based decision aid for pregnant users. Intervention reach (the percentage of participants in the intervention group who used the intervention), use (how much and how long those participants used the intervention), and acceptability (how positively they evaluated the intervention) are essential for it to be effective and should be reported to assess which intervention components may have been effective. ObjectiveThis is a process evaluation aiming to evaluate (1) the reach and (2) the use, and (3) the acceptability of the intervention. MethodsWe analyzed the reach and use of the intervention among participants in the intervention group of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that assessed the effects of an online tailored decision aid in the form of a web app. Participants were recruited via social media and midwifery clinics and invited via email to use the intervention at 18 weeks of pregnancy. Reach was measured objectively by assessing the number of participants who visited the intervention at least once. Use of the intervention was logged and included time spent on the decision aid, the number of times clicked, pages visited, and answers given in interactive components. Data from the baseline survey (at <18 wk of pregnancy) were used to measure sociodemographics, informed decision-making, MPV uptake, and determinants of uptake. A posttest survey (20-22 weeks of pregnancy) was used to evaluate the acceptability of the decision aid. We report the findings descriptively and assess baseline differences between those who used versus those who did not use the intervention. ResultsOf the 586 participants in the intervention group, 463 (79%) reached the home page of the intervention. Intervention reach appeared higher among those in their first pregnancy (8.35% difference, P=.11), those recruited via their midwife rather than via social media (10.56% difference, P=.04), and those who had completed a higher educational level (7.35% difference, P=.06). On average, participants spent 4.25 (SD 4.39) minutes on the decision aid. Most participants used the decision aid once (56.2% of those who reached it, n=260) or twice (26.6%, n=123). The average number of clicks was 27.24 (SD 25.08) and varied widely. Regarding acceptability, participants evaluated the decision aid positively with an overall grade of 8.0 out of 10 (SD 1.01). In total, 38.9% (180/463) of participants who used the intervention indicated that the decision aid helped them with their MPV decision-making. ConclusionsThe reach of the decision aid was successful with 79%, and participants were very positive about the decision aid. The use of the intervention (eg, time spent on the intervention) leaves room for improvement and should be improved to maximize intervention effects.https://formative.jmir.org/2025/1/e50709 |
| spellingShingle | Charlotte Anraad Pepijn van Empelen Robert AC Ruiter Hilde M van Keulen Online Tailored Decision Aid for Maternal Pertussis Vaccination in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Process Evaluation Study JMIR Formative Research |
| title | Online Tailored Decision Aid for Maternal Pertussis Vaccination in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Process Evaluation Study |
| title_full | Online Tailored Decision Aid for Maternal Pertussis Vaccination in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Process Evaluation Study |
| title_fullStr | Online Tailored Decision Aid for Maternal Pertussis Vaccination in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Process Evaluation Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Online Tailored Decision Aid for Maternal Pertussis Vaccination in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Process Evaluation Study |
| title_short | Online Tailored Decision Aid for Maternal Pertussis Vaccination in a Randomized Controlled Trial: Process Evaluation Study |
| title_sort | online tailored decision aid for maternal pertussis vaccination in a randomized controlled trial process evaluation study |
| url | https://formative.jmir.org/2025/1/e50709 |
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