The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Brazilian Green Propolis and Artepillin C on Cytokine Secretion by Stage IV Glioma Cells Under Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions

The Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Brazilian Green Propolis and Artepillin C on Cytokine Secretion by Stage IV Glioma Cells Under Hypoxic and Normoxic Conditions

<b>Background:</b> The majority of gliomas are astrocytic in nature. Gliomas have the lowest survival rate among all tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by high aggressiveness and poor response to treatment. The tumor microenvironment is a source of cytokines such a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Małgorzata Kłósek, Anna Kurek-Górecka, Radosław Balwierz, Grażyna Pietsz, Zenon P. Czuba
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
Subjects:
propolis
artepillin C
cytokine
normoxia
hypoxia
glioma cells
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/389
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