Process evaluation of team-based care in people aged >65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally and there is critical need develop interventions to improve health outcomes among older people. The Group Appointments in Primary Care (GAP) study was a randomised controlled trial designed to test the efficacy of a g...

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Main Authors: Joanie Sims Gould, Catherine Tong, Jessica Ly, Sara Vazirian, Adriaan Windt, Karim Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2019-08-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/8/e029965.full
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author Joanie Sims Gould
Catherine Tong
Jessica Ly
Sara Vazirian
Adriaan Windt
Karim Khan
author_facet Joanie Sims Gould
Catherine Tong
Jessica Ly
Sara Vazirian
Adriaan Windt
Karim Khan
author_sort Joanie Sims Gould
collection DOAJ
description Objective The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally and there is critical need develop interventions to improve health outcomes among older people. The Group Appointments in Primary Care (GAP) study was a randomised controlled trial designed to test the efficacy of a group and team-based medical visit programme to lower haemoglobin A1c among patients with T2DM. We aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to implement the GAP intervention within a primary care setting, with an emphasis on patient experience.Research design and methods This was a qualitative exploratory study. Data were gathered from semistructured interviews conducted with the first cohort of GAP study participants (n=15) at baseline and intervention completion. GAP participants were aged >65, diagnosed with T2DM and from one primary care clinic. The interview questions identified the patient perspectives and factors relating to their attendance at seven group medical visits that were part of the intervention programme. Data were analysed using framework analysis.Results We identified four themes that captured participants’ experiences: (1) Education: learning with professionals, learning with one another; (2) Social Support: common interests, common problems; (3) Setting: ease of location, ease of conversation and (4) Impact: expectations met, empowerment gained. The GAP intervention increased participants’ self-reported diabetes literacy and self-management skills.Conclusions We learnt that: accessible community centres, not primary care offices, were the ideal location for GAP; the consistent leadership of the primary care physician was valued by participants; and, the content related to exercise and healthy diet were viewed as impactful. Also, learning was achieved through content delivered by clinical experts, and by T2DM experts with lived experience—the GAP peers. Our findings highlight the important role of group learning.Trial registration number NCT02002143
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spelling doaj-art-a6f664ce250c4095885fef1bd644a4292025-08-20T01:53:48ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552019-08-019810.1136/bmjopen-2019-029965Process evaluation of team-based care in people aged >65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitusJoanie Sims Gould0Catherine Tong1Jessica Ly2Sara Vazirian3Adriaan Windt4Karim Khan5University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada1 Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada1 Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada1 Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada1 Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada1 School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CanadaObjective The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing globally and there is critical need develop interventions to improve health outcomes among older people. The Group Appointments in Primary Care (GAP) study was a randomised controlled trial designed to test the efficacy of a group and team-based medical visit programme to lower haemoglobin A1c among patients with T2DM. We aimed to understand the barriers and facilitators to implement the GAP intervention within a primary care setting, with an emphasis on patient experience.Research design and methods This was a qualitative exploratory study. Data were gathered from semistructured interviews conducted with the first cohort of GAP study participants (n=15) at baseline and intervention completion. GAP participants were aged >65, diagnosed with T2DM and from one primary care clinic. The interview questions identified the patient perspectives and factors relating to their attendance at seven group medical visits that were part of the intervention programme. Data were analysed using framework analysis.Results We identified four themes that captured participants’ experiences: (1) Education: learning with professionals, learning with one another; (2) Social Support: common interests, common problems; (3) Setting: ease of location, ease of conversation and (4) Impact: expectations met, empowerment gained. The GAP intervention increased participants’ self-reported diabetes literacy and self-management skills.Conclusions We learnt that: accessible community centres, not primary care offices, were the ideal location for GAP; the consistent leadership of the primary care physician was valued by participants; and, the content related to exercise and healthy diet were viewed as impactful. Also, learning was achieved through content delivered by clinical experts, and by T2DM experts with lived experience—the GAP peers. Our findings highlight the important role of group learning.Trial registration number NCT02002143https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/8/e029965.full
spellingShingle Joanie Sims Gould
Catherine Tong
Jessica Ly
Sara Vazirian
Adriaan Windt
Karim Khan
Process evaluation of team-based care in people aged >65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus
BMJ Open
title Process evaluation of team-based care in people aged >65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_full Process evaluation of team-based care in people aged >65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_fullStr Process evaluation of team-based care in people aged >65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Process evaluation of team-based care in people aged >65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_short Process evaluation of team-based care in people aged >65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus
title_sort process evaluation of team based care in people aged 65 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/8/e029965.full
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