Blood Pressure Indices and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural West African Adult Population: Insights from an AWI-Gen Substudy in Ghana

Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are commonly used for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction, and pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) can provide additional information. It is therefore important to understand the factors associated with these cardiovas...

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Main Authors: Godfred Agongo, Engelbert A. Nonterah, Lucas Amenga-Etego, Cornelius Debpuur, Michael B. Kaburise, Stuart A. Ali, Nigel J. Crowther, Michèle Ramsay, Abraham R. Oduro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2020-01-01
Series:International Journal of Hypertension
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4549031
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author Godfred Agongo
Engelbert A. Nonterah
Lucas Amenga-Etego
Cornelius Debpuur
Michael B. Kaburise
Stuart A. Ali
Nigel J. Crowther
Michèle Ramsay
Abraham R. Oduro
author_facet Godfred Agongo
Engelbert A. Nonterah
Lucas Amenga-Etego
Cornelius Debpuur
Michael B. Kaburise
Stuart A. Ali
Nigel J. Crowther
Michèle Ramsay
Abraham R. Oduro
author_sort Godfred Agongo
collection DOAJ
description Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are commonly used for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction, and pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) can provide additional information. It is therefore important to understand the factors associated with these cardiovascular risk markers. This cross-sectional study involved 1839 men and women aged 40–60 years. Data on SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, sociodemography, lifestyle, anthropometry, and lipids were collected. Gender-stratified linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between log-transformed blood pressure indices and the study variables. Age was associated with all measured blood pressure indices (p<0.001) among men and women. Men had higher SBP (p=0.007) and PP (p<0.001) than women. Nankana ethnicity was associated with higher PP levels (p<0.005) in the total population. Vendor meal consumption among women was associated with higher PP levels (p<0.05). Fruit intake among men was associated with lower PP levels (p<0.05). Currently unmarried women had higher SBP (p<0.005), DBP (p<0.05), MAP (p<0.005), and PP (p<0.005) than currently married women. Pesticide exposure was negatively associated with SBP (p<0.005), DBP (p<0.005), MAP (p<0.005), and PP (p<0.05) among women. Increased subcutaneous fat was associated with DBP (p<0.005) and MAP (p<0.05) among women. Among men, hip circumference was associated with higher DBP and MAP (p<0.05 for both associations), subcutaneous fat associated with higher SBP (p<0.005), DBP (p<0.001), and MAP (p<0.001) and visceral fat was associated with higher PP (p<0.05). In the total population, visceral fat was associated with higher DBP (p<0.05) and MAP (p<0.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively associated with SBP (p<0.005), DBP (p<0.005), and MAP (p<0.001) for women and positively associated with SBP, DBP, and MAP (p<0.001 for all three) and PP (p<0.05) for men. The association of blood pressure indices with modifiable risk factors suggests that targeted health interventions may reduce CVD risk in this population.
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spelling doaj-art-a6f5bef7ab4341a6bf87cec088c49f892025-08-20T02:20:10ZengWileyInternational Journal of Hypertension2090-03842090-03922020-01-01202010.1155/2020/45490314549031Blood Pressure Indices and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural West African Adult Population: Insights from an AWI-Gen Substudy in GhanaGodfred Agongo0Engelbert A. Nonterah1Lucas Amenga-Etego2Cornelius Debpuur3Michael B. Kaburise4Stuart A. Ali5Nigel J. Crowther6Michèle Ramsay7Abraham R. Oduro8Navrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, GhanaNavrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, GhanaWest African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, GhanaNavrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, GhanaNavrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, GhanaSydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaSydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South AfricaNavrongo Health Research Centre, Navrongo, GhanaSystolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) are commonly used for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction, and pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) can provide additional information. It is therefore important to understand the factors associated with these cardiovascular risk markers. This cross-sectional study involved 1839 men and women aged 40–60 years. Data on SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, sociodemography, lifestyle, anthropometry, and lipids were collected. Gender-stratified linear regression analyses were performed to determine the association between log-transformed blood pressure indices and the study variables. Age was associated with all measured blood pressure indices (p<0.001) among men and women. Men had higher SBP (p=0.007) and PP (p<0.001) than women. Nankana ethnicity was associated with higher PP levels (p<0.005) in the total population. Vendor meal consumption among women was associated with higher PP levels (p<0.05). Fruit intake among men was associated with lower PP levels (p<0.05). Currently unmarried women had higher SBP (p<0.005), DBP (p<0.05), MAP (p<0.005), and PP (p<0.005) than currently married women. Pesticide exposure was negatively associated with SBP (p<0.005), DBP (p<0.005), MAP (p<0.005), and PP (p<0.05) among women. Increased subcutaneous fat was associated with DBP (p<0.005) and MAP (p<0.05) among women. Among men, hip circumference was associated with higher DBP and MAP (p<0.05 for both associations), subcutaneous fat associated with higher SBP (p<0.005), DBP (p<0.001), and MAP (p<0.001) and visceral fat was associated with higher PP (p<0.05). In the total population, visceral fat was associated with higher DBP (p<0.05) and MAP (p<0.001). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively associated with SBP (p<0.005), DBP (p<0.005), and MAP (p<0.001) for women and positively associated with SBP, DBP, and MAP (p<0.001 for all three) and PP (p<0.05) for men. The association of blood pressure indices with modifiable risk factors suggests that targeted health interventions may reduce CVD risk in this population.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4549031
spellingShingle Godfred Agongo
Engelbert A. Nonterah
Lucas Amenga-Etego
Cornelius Debpuur
Michael B. Kaburise
Stuart A. Ali
Nigel J. Crowther
Michèle Ramsay
Abraham R. Oduro
Blood Pressure Indices and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural West African Adult Population: Insights from an AWI-Gen Substudy in Ghana
International Journal of Hypertension
title Blood Pressure Indices and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural West African Adult Population: Insights from an AWI-Gen Substudy in Ghana
title_full Blood Pressure Indices and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural West African Adult Population: Insights from an AWI-Gen Substudy in Ghana
title_fullStr Blood Pressure Indices and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural West African Adult Population: Insights from an AWI-Gen Substudy in Ghana
title_full_unstemmed Blood Pressure Indices and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural West African Adult Population: Insights from an AWI-Gen Substudy in Ghana
title_short Blood Pressure Indices and Associated Risk Factors in a Rural West African Adult Population: Insights from an AWI-Gen Substudy in Ghana
title_sort blood pressure indices and associated risk factors in a rural west african adult population insights from an awi gen substudy in ghana
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4549031
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