Where heat does not come in waves: a framework for understanding and managing chronic heat

Research on heat and its risks has focused on heat waves as an increasing emergency under climate change, but this emphasis has obscured the chronic—not just acute and episodic—exposure of billions of people globally to increasingly dangerous levels of heat. In many regions, predominantly in the glo...

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Main Authors: Mayra Cruz, Katharine J Mach, Lynée L Turek-Hankins, Kilan C Ashad-Bishop, Zinzi D Bailey, Scotney D Evans, Ashley Fanning, Margo Fernandez-Burgos, Jane Gilbert, Bereatha Howard, Monique Mahabir, Julia Marturano, Lisa N Murphy, Nkosi Muse, Joanne Pérodin, Amy C Clement
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Environmental Research: Climate
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adc827
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author Mayra Cruz
Katharine J Mach
Lynée L Turek-Hankins
Kilan C Ashad-Bishop
Zinzi D Bailey
Scotney D Evans
Ashley Fanning
Margo Fernandez-Burgos
Jane Gilbert
Bereatha Howard
Monique Mahabir
Julia Marturano
Lisa N Murphy
Nkosi Muse
Joanne Pérodin
Amy C Clement
author_facet Mayra Cruz
Katharine J Mach
Lynée L Turek-Hankins
Kilan C Ashad-Bishop
Zinzi D Bailey
Scotney D Evans
Ashley Fanning
Margo Fernandez-Burgos
Jane Gilbert
Bereatha Howard
Monique Mahabir
Julia Marturano
Lisa N Murphy
Nkosi Muse
Joanne Pérodin
Amy C Clement
author_sort Mayra Cruz
collection DOAJ
description Research on heat and its risks has focused on heat waves as an increasing emergency under climate change, but this emphasis has obscured the chronic—not just acute and episodic—exposure of billions of people globally to increasingly dangerous levels of heat. In many regions, predominantly in the global tropics, heat index exceeds a level of extreme caution according to the US National Weather Service (90°F, 32.2 °C) for more than an entire season and in some cases for much of the year. We propose chronic heat as an alternative framing for heat-related hazards in these regions and demonstrate how its risks differ and are incompletely captured by current heat–health research practices. Chronic heat poses unique risks compared to acute heat because the intersection of enduring societal- and individual-level factors leads to substantially divergent cumulative exposures over seasonal timeframes and associated health outcomes, quality-of-life impacts, and tradeoffs. These multiple interacting factors are difficult to tease out and attribute with traditional heat–health research practices, and therefore understanding of the impacts of chronic heat has remained poor. Further, managing chronic heat requires use of social services, programs, and partners not previously engaged in the context of heat, going beyond heat response as emergency management. Our chronic heat framework identifies a shift needed in heat research and practice to understand and address chronic and cumulative heat exposures increasingly experienced worldwide under intensifying climate change.
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spelling doaj-art-a6f3a927554f4bde8a19fbcdf14eeb262025-08-20T03:09:16ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research: Climate2752-52952025-01-014202300210.1088/2752-5295/adc827Where heat does not come in waves: a framework for understanding and managing chronic heatMayra Cruz0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3922-0217Katharine J Mach1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5591-8148Lynée L Turek-Hankins2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3356-3283Kilan C Ashad-Bishop3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6846-3499Zinzi D Bailey4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5708-3754Scotney D Evans5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0897-0725Ashley Fanning6https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8948-389XMargo Fernandez-Burgos7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-0490Jane Gilbert8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7434-8910Bereatha Howard9Monique Mahabir10Julia Marturano11https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2140-3933Lisa N Murphy12https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4343-8005Nkosi Muse13https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3453-0862Joanne Pérodin14https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3776-027XAmy C Clement15Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami , Miami, FL, United States of America; Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami , Coral Gables, FL, United States of AmericaDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami , Miami, FL, United States of America; Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami , Coral Gables, FL, United States of AmericaThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College , Hanover, NH, United States of America; Neukom Institute , Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States of AmericaDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami , Miami, FL, United States of America; Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami , Coral Gables, FL, United States of AmericaDivision of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN, United States of AmericaDepartment of Educational and Psychological Studies, School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami , Coral Gables, FL, United States of AmericaDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami , Miami, FL, United States of AmericaDepartment of Educational and Psychological Studies, School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami , Coral Gables, FL, United States of AmericaMiami-Dade County, Office of Resilience , Miami, FL, United States of AmericaThe CLEO Institute , Miami, FL, United States of AmericaDepartment of Educational and Psychological Studies, School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami , Coral Gables, FL, United States of AmericaCity of Phoenix, Office of Heat Response and Mitigation , Phoenix, AZ, United States of AmericaDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami , Miami, FL, United States of AmericaDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami , Miami, FL, United States of America; Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami , Coral Gables, FL, United States of AmericaThe CLEO Institute , Miami, FL, United States of AmericaDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami , Miami, FL, United States of AmericaResearch on heat and its risks has focused on heat waves as an increasing emergency under climate change, but this emphasis has obscured the chronic—not just acute and episodic—exposure of billions of people globally to increasingly dangerous levels of heat. In many regions, predominantly in the global tropics, heat index exceeds a level of extreme caution according to the US National Weather Service (90°F, 32.2 °C) for more than an entire season and in some cases for much of the year. We propose chronic heat as an alternative framing for heat-related hazards in these regions and demonstrate how its risks differ and are incompletely captured by current heat–health research practices. Chronic heat poses unique risks compared to acute heat because the intersection of enduring societal- and individual-level factors leads to substantially divergent cumulative exposures over seasonal timeframes and associated health outcomes, quality-of-life impacts, and tradeoffs. These multiple interacting factors are difficult to tease out and attribute with traditional heat–health research practices, and therefore understanding of the impacts of chronic heat has remained poor. Further, managing chronic heat requires use of social services, programs, and partners not previously engaged in the context of heat, going beyond heat response as emergency management. Our chronic heat framework identifies a shift needed in heat research and practice to understand and address chronic and cumulative heat exposures increasingly experienced worldwide under intensifying climate change.https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adc827chronic heatcumulative exposureintersectional riskheat responses
spellingShingle Mayra Cruz
Katharine J Mach
Lynée L Turek-Hankins
Kilan C Ashad-Bishop
Zinzi D Bailey
Scotney D Evans
Ashley Fanning
Margo Fernandez-Burgos
Jane Gilbert
Bereatha Howard
Monique Mahabir
Julia Marturano
Lisa N Murphy
Nkosi Muse
Joanne Pérodin
Amy C Clement
Where heat does not come in waves: a framework for understanding and managing chronic heat
Environmental Research: Climate
chronic heat
cumulative exposure
intersectional risk
heat responses
title Where heat does not come in waves: a framework for understanding and managing chronic heat
title_full Where heat does not come in waves: a framework for understanding and managing chronic heat
title_fullStr Where heat does not come in waves: a framework for understanding and managing chronic heat
title_full_unstemmed Where heat does not come in waves: a framework for understanding and managing chronic heat
title_short Where heat does not come in waves: a framework for understanding and managing chronic heat
title_sort where heat does not come in waves a framework for understanding and managing chronic heat
topic chronic heat
cumulative exposure
intersectional risk
heat responses
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/adc827
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