Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) during level walking

Abstract Purpose The impact of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) on gait has been reported; however, no studies have documented the effects of Borderline Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (BDDH) combined with FAIS on gait. This study aimed to evaluate the kinematic and kinetic abnormalit...

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Main Authors: Yuang Hao, Shuang Ren, Yichuan Zhu, Tong-Chuan He, Xin Miao, Yan Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08727-4
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author Yuang Hao
Shuang Ren
Yichuan Zhu
Tong-Chuan He
Xin Miao
Yan Xu
author_facet Yuang Hao
Shuang Ren
Yichuan Zhu
Tong-Chuan He
Xin Miao
Yan Xu
author_sort Yuang Hao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose The impact of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) on gait has been reported; however, no studies have documented the effects of Borderline Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (BDDH) combined with FAIS on gait. This study aimed to evaluate the kinematic and kinetic abnormalities of the lower extremities in patients with combined FAIS and BDDH during level walking. Methods A total of 42 participants were included, consisting of 14 patients with FAIS + BDDH, 14 with isolated FAIS and 14 healthy controls. Full-cycle kinematic and kinetic data were collected via motion capture and force plates. Gait analysis was performed in three planes (sagittal, coronal and transverse) for the hip, knee, ankle and pelvis joints. The range of motion (ROM), kinematics and kinetics were compared across the three groups. Results Compared with isolated FAIS patients, FAIS + BDDH patients presented a significantly greater hip flexion angle during terminal stance (P < 0.05). Moreover, the hip abduction moment was significantly reduced in the loading response and midstance phases in FAIS + BDDH patients (P < 0.05). The knee extension moment was significantly reduced during terminal stance in both FAIS groups (P < 0.05). The ankle dorsiflexion angle was significantly greater during midstance in FAIS + BDDH patients than in healthy controls, with concomitant reductions in the ankle dorsiflexion moment (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the range of motion (ROM) of the pelvis or hip joints and hip moment arm among the three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Compared with patients with isolated FAIS, patients with FAIS combined with BDDH exhibit a gait pattern characterized by biomechanical defects of the hip joint similar to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), increased knee stiffness, and compensatory alterations in the ankle joint. Level of evidence V.
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spelling doaj-art-a6dc72a34a2340adbc6bfcb48b85b1242025-08-20T03:10:17ZengBMCBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1471-24742025-05-0126111410.1186/s12891-025-08727-4Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) during level walkingYuang Hao0Shuang Ren1Yichuan Zhu2Tong-Chuan He3Xin Miao4Yan Xu5School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport UniversityDepartment of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third HospitalDepartment of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third HospitalMolecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical CenterDepartment of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third HospitalDepartment of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University, Peking University Third HospitalAbstract Purpose The impact of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) on gait has been reported; however, no studies have documented the effects of Borderline Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip (BDDH) combined with FAIS on gait. This study aimed to evaluate the kinematic and kinetic abnormalities of the lower extremities in patients with combined FAIS and BDDH during level walking. Methods A total of 42 participants were included, consisting of 14 patients with FAIS + BDDH, 14 with isolated FAIS and 14 healthy controls. Full-cycle kinematic and kinetic data were collected via motion capture and force plates. Gait analysis was performed in three planes (sagittal, coronal and transverse) for the hip, knee, ankle and pelvis joints. The range of motion (ROM), kinematics and kinetics were compared across the three groups. Results Compared with isolated FAIS patients, FAIS + BDDH patients presented a significantly greater hip flexion angle during terminal stance (P < 0.05). Moreover, the hip abduction moment was significantly reduced in the loading response and midstance phases in FAIS + BDDH patients (P < 0.05). The knee extension moment was significantly reduced during terminal stance in both FAIS groups (P < 0.05). The ankle dorsiflexion angle was significantly greater during midstance in FAIS + BDDH patients than in healthy controls, with concomitant reductions in the ankle dorsiflexion moment (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the range of motion (ROM) of the pelvis or hip joints and hip moment arm among the three groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion Compared with patients with isolated FAIS, patients with FAIS combined with BDDH exhibit a gait pattern characterized by biomechanical defects of the hip joint similar to developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), increased knee stiffness, and compensatory alterations in the ankle joint. Level of evidence V.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08727-4Femoroacetabular impingement syndromeBiomechanicsGait
spellingShingle Yuang Hao
Shuang Ren
Yichuan Zhu
Tong-Chuan He
Xin Miao
Yan Xu
Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) during level walking
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders
Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Biomechanics
Gait
title Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) during level walking
title_full Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) during level walking
title_fullStr Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) during level walking
title_full_unstemmed Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) during level walking
title_short Three-dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (BDDH) during level walking
title_sort three dimensional lower limb kinematics and kinetics in femoroacetabular impingement syndrome fais patients with and without borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip bddh during level walking
topic Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Biomechanics
Gait
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08727-4
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