The association between teat shape and clinical mastitis

ABSTRACT: Conformational teat traits such as teat-barrel shape and teat-end shape have long been recognized as possible risk factors for elevated somatic cell count and clinical mastitis in dairy cows. However, the association between udder health and these teat traits is still under debate. Our obj...

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Main Authors: M.E. Spellman, C.M. Geary, H. Somula, A. Singh, M. Wieland
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Dairy Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022401172X
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author M.E. Spellman
C.M. Geary
H. Somula
A. Singh
M. Wieland
author_facet M.E. Spellman
C.M. Geary
H. Somula
A. Singh
M. Wieland
author_sort M.E. Spellman
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT: Conformational teat traits such as teat-barrel shape and teat-end shape have long been recognized as possible risk factors for elevated somatic cell count and clinical mastitis in dairy cows. However, the association between udder health and these teat traits is still under debate. Our objective with this ambidirectional cohort study was to investigate the relationship between teat shape and the occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. For this purpose, we analyzed quarter-level data from 14,948 quarters of 3,913 Holstein cows from 1 commercial dairy farm in New York State. Cows were milked 3 times daily, housed in freestall pens, bedded with manure solids, and fed a TMR. Teat shape was assessed visually and classified based on teat-barrel and teat-end shape into 1 of 4 categories as follows: (1) triangular barrel and pointed teat end (TP), (2) square barrel and round teat end (SR), (3) square barrel, round teat end, and flat in the area of the teat orifice (SRF), and (4) square barrel and flat teat end (SF). Data on the occurrence of clinical mastitis were obtained from the dairy management software. To test the hypothesis that teat shape was associated with the occurrence of the first clinical mastitis event during the first 305 d in milk, a multivariable semiparametric proportional hazards model was built. Our results showed that teat shape was associated with the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Compared with SR, the clinical mastitis hazards (95% CI) were TP, 1.66 (1.25–2.19); SF, 1.58 (1.14–2.18); and SRF, 1.05 (0.88–1.26). We conclude that teat shape could be useful to identify cows at increased risk of clinical mastitis. This could allow farmers to employ targeted monitoring of these high-risk animals and develop management strategies that mitigate their risk.
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spelling doaj-art-a6bbb1cc8d004279ac89eca129b9b43d2025-08-20T01:57:20ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022025-01-01108177378010.3168/jds.2024-25303The association between teat shape and clinical mastitisM.E. Spellman0C.M. Geary1H. Somula2A. Singh3M. Wieland4Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853Corresponding author; Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853ABSTRACT: Conformational teat traits such as teat-barrel shape and teat-end shape have long been recognized as possible risk factors for elevated somatic cell count and clinical mastitis in dairy cows. However, the association between udder health and these teat traits is still under debate. Our objective with this ambidirectional cohort study was to investigate the relationship between teat shape and the occurrence of clinical mastitis in dairy cows. For this purpose, we analyzed quarter-level data from 14,948 quarters of 3,913 Holstein cows from 1 commercial dairy farm in New York State. Cows were milked 3 times daily, housed in freestall pens, bedded with manure solids, and fed a TMR. Teat shape was assessed visually and classified based on teat-barrel and teat-end shape into 1 of 4 categories as follows: (1) triangular barrel and pointed teat end (TP), (2) square barrel and round teat end (SR), (3) square barrel, round teat end, and flat in the area of the teat orifice (SRF), and (4) square barrel and flat teat end (SF). Data on the occurrence of clinical mastitis were obtained from the dairy management software. To test the hypothesis that teat shape was associated with the occurrence of the first clinical mastitis event during the first 305 d in milk, a multivariable semiparametric proportional hazards model was built. Our results showed that teat shape was associated with the occurrence of clinical mastitis. Compared with SR, the clinical mastitis hazards (95% CI) were TP, 1.66 (1.25–2.19); SF, 1.58 (1.14–2.18); and SRF, 1.05 (0.88–1.26). We conclude that teat shape could be useful to identify cows at increased risk of clinical mastitis. This could allow farmers to employ targeted monitoring of these high-risk animals and develop management strategies that mitigate their risk.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022401172Xbovinemastitisteat shapeudder health
spellingShingle M.E. Spellman
C.M. Geary
H. Somula
A. Singh
M. Wieland
The association between teat shape and clinical mastitis
Journal of Dairy Science
bovine
mastitis
teat shape
udder health
title The association between teat shape and clinical mastitis
title_full The association between teat shape and clinical mastitis
title_fullStr The association between teat shape and clinical mastitis
title_full_unstemmed The association between teat shape and clinical mastitis
title_short The association between teat shape and clinical mastitis
title_sort association between teat shape and clinical mastitis
topic bovine
mastitis
teat shape
udder health
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022401172X
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