The biomass and health-enhancing qualities of lettuce are amplified through the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Abstract With lettuce being one of the most important green crops in the world, it is important to improve its growth and nutritive value. To this end, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) application to improve nutrient-dense foods and the production of bioactive compounds in plants is a promising a...
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| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-04-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06317-z |
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| author | Ahlem Zrig Emad A. Alsherif Abeer S. Aloufi Shereen Magdy Korany Samy Selim Mohammed S. Almuhayawi Muyassar K. Tarabulsi Mousa Nhs Hibah M. Albasri Nahla Alsayd Bouqellah |
| author_facet | Ahlem Zrig Emad A. Alsherif Abeer S. Aloufi Shereen Magdy Korany Samy Selim Mohammed S. Almuhayawi Muyassar K. Tarabulsi Mousa Nhs Hibah M. Albasri Nahla Alsayd Bouqellah |
| author_sort | Ahlem Zrig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract With lettuce being one of the most important green crops in the world, it is important to improve its growth and nutritive value. To this end, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) application to improve nutrient-dense foods and the production of bioactive compounds in plants is a promising approach. AMF is applied to increase plant growth, primary metabolism, mineral profile and accumulation of secondary (phenols, flavonoids) metabolites. AMF treated plants showed increased biomass accumulation by 38.8%. This increase was in line with increased levels of photosynthesis rate and the total chlorophyll content by approximately 28.8%, respectively. In nutritive value, AMF increased mineral profile, vitamin contents and carbohydrate as indicated by D-mannose, L-galactose, and vitamin E (p < 0.05) by approximately 32.7%, 25%, and 46.6%, respectively. The AMF-treated lettuce's proximate composition revealed considerably greater levels of total protein (7.8%), as well as crude fiber, ash, and carbohydrates (about 7%) compared to control samples (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AMF inoculation increased levels of antioxidants, essential amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. It increased the levels of antioxidants such as alpha and beta carotene, polyphenols, which was correlated with increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity. Treatment with AMF resulted in an increase of more than 76% of the detected amino acids, with the highest increment observed for isoleucine, methionine and biosynthetic enzyme (cystathionine γ-synthase (CGS)), and which were 200%, 270.2%, and 153.5%, respectively. Increased bioactive accumulation also resulted in improved antioxidant and antidiabetic and antibacterial activities against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. The findings indicate that the AMF treatment is a feasible method for enhancing lettuce's biological characteristics and health-promoting attributes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a6b269b411d74643ac3368bcb2ee5d13 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a6b269b411d74643ac3368bcb2ee5d132025-08-20T03:14:07ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-04-0125111510.1186/s12870-025-06317-zThe biomass and health-enhancing qualities of lettuce are amplified through the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiAhlem Zrig0Emad A. Alsherif1Abeer S. Aloufi2Shereen Magdy Korany3Samy Selim4Mohammed S. Almuhayawi5Muyassar K. Tarabulsi6Mousa Nhs7Hibah M. Albasri8Nahla Alsayd Bouqellah9Chemical Engineering Department, Laboratory of Engineering Processes and Industrial Systems, National School of Engineers of Gabes, University of GabesBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef UniversityDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf UniversityDepartment of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz UniversityDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of JeddahBotany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of science, Assiut UniversityDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taibah UniversityDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Taibah UniversityAbstract With lettuce being one of the most important green crops in the world, it is important to improve its growth and nutritive value. To this end, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) application to improve nutrient-dense foods and the production of bioactive compounds in plants is a promising approach. AMF is applied to increase plant growth, primary metabolism, mineral profile and accumulation of secondary (phenols, flavonoids) metabolites. AMF treated plants showed increased biomass accumulation by 38.8%. This increase was in line with increased levels of photosynthesis rate and the total chlorophyll content by approximately 28.8%, respectively. In nutritive value, AMF increased mineral profile, vitamin contents and carbohydrate as indicated by D-mannose, L-galactose, and vitamin E (p < 0.05) by approximately 32.7%, 25%, and 46.6%, respectively. The AMF-treated lettuce's proximate composition revealed considerably greater levels of total protein (7.8%), as well as crude fiber, ash, and carbohydrates (about 7%) compared to control samples (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AMF inoculation increased levels of antioxidants, essential amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. It increased the levels of antioxidants such as alpha and beta carotene, polyphenols, which was correlated with increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity. Treatment with AMF resulted in an increase of more than 76% of the detected amino acids, with the highest increment observed for isoleucine, methionine and biosynthetic enzyme (cystathionine γ-synthase (CGS)), and which were 200%, 270.2%, and 153.5%, respectively. Increased bioactive accumulation also resulted in improved antioxidant and antidiabetic and antibacterial activities against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. The findings indicate that the AMF treatment is a feasible method for enhancing lettuce's biological characteristics and health-promoting attributes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06317-zLettuceAntioxidantsNutritive valueOrganic acidVitaminsMinerals |
| spellingShingle | Ahlem Zrig Emad A. Alsherif Abeer S. Aloufi Shereen Magdy Korany Samy Selim Mohammed S. Almuhayawi Muyassar K. Tarabulsi Mousa Nhs Hibah M. Albasri Nahla Alsayd Bouqellah The biomass and health-enhancing qualities of lettuce are amplified through the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi BMC Plant Biology Lettuce Antioxidants Nutritive value Organic acid Vitamins Minerals |
| title | The biomass and health-enhancing qualities of lettuce are amplified through the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
| title_full | The biomass and health-enhancing qualities of lettuce are amplified through the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
| title_fullStr | The biomass and health-enhancing qualities of lettuce are amplified through the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | The biomass and health-enhancing qualities of lettuce are amplified through the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
| title_short | The biomass and health-enhancing qualities of lettuce are amplified through the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
| title_sort | biomass and health enhancing qualities of lettuce are amplified through the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
| topic | Lettuce Antioxidants Nutritive value Organic acid Vitamins Minerals |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-06317-z |
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