Synergistic Bactericidal Efficiency of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water–High-Pressure Parallel Processing on <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Freshly Cut <i>Gastrodia elata</i> Slices

The synergistic enhancement of bactericidal efficiencies on freshly cut <i>Gastrodia elata</i> slices by parallel processing using slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and high-pressure (HP) technology was comprehensively investigated in this study. To this end, appropriate experime...

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Main Authors: Qing Gao, Xin Nong, Tuanjian Lang, Yajin Liu, Shuxin Ye, Jinsong He
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/5/790
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author Qing Gao
Xin Nong
Tuanjian Lang
Yajin Liu
Shuxin Ye
Jinsong He
author_facet Qing Gao
Xin Nong
Tuanjian Lang
Yajin Liu
Shuxin Ye
Jinsong He
author_sort Qing Gao
collection DOAJ
description The synergistic enhancement of bactericidal efficiencies on freshly cut <i>Gastrodia elata</i> slices by parallel processing using slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and high-pressure (HP) technology was comprehensively investigated in this study. To this end, appropriate experimental conditions were determined through single-factor tests, which were ACCs (available chlorine concentrations) of 30, 38, and 49 mg/L; pressures of 100, 150, and 200 MPa; treatment times of 5, 7.5, and 10 min; and material-to-liquid ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. Under these conditions, single and parallel bactericidal tests were conducted, and the corresponding synergistic enhancement values Δ<i>I</i> were calculated. Subsequently, using the lethal rate of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) as the response value, we fitted multiple quadratic regression equations for SAEW, HP, and SAEW–HP with respect to ACC, pressure, pressure application time, and material-to-liquid ratio. The multiple quadratic regression equation for the synergistic enhancement term Δ<i>I</i> was then obtained through calculation. By analyzing this equation, the synergistic enhancement range was determined. Finally, experimental points were randomly selected within the synergistic enhancement range for validation. The results demonstrate that there was a synergistic bactericidal efficiency of the SAEW–HP parallel treatment of freshly cut <i>G. elata</i> slices. The synergistic enhancement range was pressure (x<i><sub>p</sub></i>) ∈ [52.18, 359.58] MPa; concentration of available chlorine (x<i><sub>c</sub></i>) ∈ [28.71, 46.27] mg/L; time (x<i><sub>t</sub></i>) ∈ [2.34, 12.38] min; and the material-to-solvent ratio (x<i><sub>r</sub></i>) ∈ ø g/mL. The validation experiments confirmed that within the respective ranges of <i>p</i>, <i>c</i>, and <i>t</i>, the SAEW–HP parallel treatment of freshly cut <i>G. elata</i> slices exhibited a ‘1 + 1 > 2’ synergistic enhancement effect. These findings lay a theoretical foundation for the development of green bactericidal technologies for “adopting both minimum processing and dosage to achieve the optimal effect”.
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spelling doaj-art-a69c918ae3714926bd3fbdc41edb44aa2025-08-20T02:05:18ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-02-0114579010.3390/foods14050790Synergistic Bactericidal Efficiency of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water–High-Pressure Parallel Processing on <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Freshly Cut <i>Gastrodia elata</i> SlicesQing Gao0Xin Nong1Tuanjian Lang2Yajin Liu3Shuxin Ye4Jinsong He5College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaKunming Tian Tian Xiang Shang Central Kitchen Operation Management Co., Ltd., Kunming 650220, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, ChinaThe synergistic enhancement of bactericidal efficiencies on freshly cut <i>Gastrodia elata</i> slices by parallel processing using slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and high-pressure (HP) technology was comprehensively investigated in this study. To this end, appropriate experimental conditions were determined through single-factor tests, which were ACCs (available chlorine concentrations) of 30, 38, and 49 mg/L; pressures of 100, 150, and 200 MPa; treatment times of 5, 7.5, and 10 min; and material-to-liquid ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 1:5. Under these conditions, single and parallel bactericidal tests were conducted, and the corresponding synergistic enhancement values Δ<i>I</i> were calculated. Subsequently, using the lethal rate of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) as the response value, we fitted multiple quadratic regression equations for SAEW, HP, and SAEW–HP with respect to ACC, pressure, pressure application time, and material-to-liquid ratio. The multiple quadratic regression equation for the synergistic enhancement term Δ<i>I</i> was then obtained through calculation. By analyzing this equation, the synergistic enhancement range was determined. Finally, experimental points were randomly selected within the synergistic enhancement range for validation. The results demonstrate that there was a synergistic bactericidal efficiency of the SAEW–HP parallel treatment of freshly cut <i>G. elata</i> slices. The synergistic enhancement range was pressure (x<i><sub>p</sub></i>) ∈ [52.18, 359.58] MPa; concentration of available chlorine (x<i><sub>c</sub></i>) ∈ [28.71, 46.27] mg/L; time (x<i><sub>t</sub></i>) ∈ [2.34, 12.38] min; and the material-to-solvent ratio (x<i><sub>r</sub></i>) ∈ ø g/mL. The validation experiments confirmed that within the respective ranges of <i>p</i>, <i>c</i>, and <i>t</i>, the SAEW–HP parallel treatment of freshly cut <i>G. elata</i> slices exhibited a ‘1 + 1 > 2’ synergistic enhancement effect. These findings lay a theoretical foundation for the development of green bactericidal technologies for “adopting both minimum processing and dosage to achieve the optimal effect”.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/5/790acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW)high-pressure (HP)green bactericidal techniquesterilization process optimizationmicroorganism control
spellingShingle Qing Gao
Xin Nong
Tuanjian Lang
Yajin Liu
Shuxin Ye
Jinsong He
Synergistic Bactericidal Efficiency of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water–High-Pressure Parallel Processing on <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Freshly Cut <i>Gastrodia elata</i> Slices
Foods
acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW)
high-pressure (HP)
green bactericidal technique
sterilization process optimization
microorganism control
title Synergistic Bactericidal Efficiency of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water–High-Pressure Parallel Processing on <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Freshly Cut <i>Gastrodia elata</i> Slices
title_full Synergistic Bactericidal Efficiency of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water–High-Pressure Parallel Processing on <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Freshly Cut <i>Gastrodia elata</i> Slices
title_fullStr Synergistic Bactericidal Efficiency of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water–High-Pressure Parallel Processing on <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Freshly Cut <i>Gastrodia elata</i> Slices
title_full_unstemmed Synergistic Bactericidal Efficiency of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water–High-Pressure Parallel Processing on <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Freshly Cut <i>Gastrodia elata</i> Slices
title_short Synergistic Bactericidal Efficiency of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water–High-Pressure Parallel Processing on <i>Escherichia coli</i> in Freshly Cut <i>Gastrodia elata</i> Slices
title_sort synergistic bactericidal efficiency of slightly acidic electrolyzed water high pressure parallel processing on i escherichia coli i in freshly cut i gastrodia elata i slices
topic acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW)
high-pressure (HP)
green bactericidal technique
sterilization process optimization
microorganism control
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/5/790
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