Vulnerable Road User Detection for Roadside-Assisted Safety Protection: A Comprehensive Survey

In recent years, the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as pedestrians, cyclists, and micro-mobility users, has become an increasingly significant concern in urban transportation systems worldwide. Reliable and accurate detection of VRUs is essential for effective safety protection. This s...

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Main Authors: Ziyan Zhang, Chuheng Wei, Guoyuan Wu, Matthew J. Barth
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3797
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author Ziyan Zhang
Chuheng Wei
Guoyuan Wu
Matthew J. Barth
author_facet Ziyan Zhang
Chuheng Wei
Guoyuan Wu
Matthew J. Barth
author_sort Ziyan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as pedestrians, cyclists, and micro-mobility users, has become an increasingly significant concern in urban transportation systems worldwide. Reliable and accurate detection of VRUs is essential for effective safety protection. This survey explores the techniques and methodologies used to detect VRUs, ranging from conventional methods to state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches, with a primary focus on infrastructure-based detection. This study synthesizes findings from recent research papers and technical reports, emphasizing sensor modalities such as cameras, LiDAR, and RADAR. Furthermore, the survey examines benchmark datasets used to train and evaluate VRU detection models. Alongside innovative detection models and sufficient datasets, key challenges and emerging trends in algorithm development and dataset collection are also discussed. This comprehensive overview aims to provide insights into current advancements and inform the development of robust and reliable roadside detection systems to enhance the safety and efficiency of VRUs in modern transportation systems.
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issn 2076-3417
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spelling doaj-art-a69376dcc3534a17a8dcf00c5f94bbf22025-08-20T03:06:32ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01157379710.3390/app15073797Vulnerable Road User Detection for Roadside-Assisted Safety Protection: A Comprehensive SurveyZiyan Zhang0Chuheng Wei1Guoyuan Wu2Matthew J. Barth3Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USACenter for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USACenter for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USACenter for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92507, USAIn recent years, the safety of vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as pedestrians, cyclists, and micro-mobility users, has become an increasingly significant concern in urban transportation systems worldwide. Reliable and accurate detection of VRUs is essential for effective safety protection. This survey explores the techniques and methodologies used to detect VRUs, ranging from conventional methods to state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches, with a primary focus on infrastructure-based detection. This study synthesizes findings from recent research papers and technical reports, emphasizing sensor modalities such as cameras, LiDAR, and RADAR. Furthermore, the survey examines benchmark datasets used to train and evaluate VRU detection models. Alongside innovative detection models and sufficient datasets, key challenges and emerging trends in algorithm development and dataset collection are also discussed. This comprehensive overview aims to provide insights into current advancements and inform the development of robust and reliable roadside detection systems to enhance the safety and efficiency of VRUs in modern transportation systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3797vulnerable road users (VRUs)object detectionsafetyintelligent transportation system (ITS)
spellingShingle Ziyan Zhang
Chuheng Wei
Guoyuan Wu
Matthew J. Barth
Vulnerable Road User Detection for Roadside-Assisted Safety Protection: A Comprehensive Survey
Applied Sciences
vulnerable road users (VRUs)
object detection
safety
intelligent transportation system (ITS)
title Vulnerable Road User Detection for Roadside-Assisted Safety Protection: A Comprehensive Survey
title_full Vulnerable Road User Detection for Roadside-Assisted Safety Protection: A Comprehensive Survey
title_fullStr Vulnerable Road User Detection for Roadside-Assisted Safety Protection: A Comprehensive Survey
title_full_unstemmed Vulnerable Road User Detection for Roadside-Assisted Safety Protection: A Comprehensive Survey
title_short Vulnerable Road User Detection for Roadside-Assisted Safety Protection: A Comprehensive Survey
title_sort vulnerable road user detection for roadside assisted safety protection a comprehensive survey
topic vulnerable road users (VRUs)
object detection
safety
intelligent transportation system (ITS)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3797
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AT chuhengwei vulnerableroaduserdetectionforroadsideassistedsafetyprotectionacomprehensivesurvey
AT guoyuanwu vulnerableroaduserdetectionforroadsideassistedsafetyprotectionacomprehensivesurvey
AT matthewjbarth vulnerableroaduserdetectionforroadsideassistedsafetyprotectionacomprehensivesurvey