Fusarium Head Blight in Barley from Subtropical Southern Brazil: Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species and Grain Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol
Fusarium head blight in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) reduces grain yield and can lead to the accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) in grains. We surveyed <i>Fusarium</i> species and evaluated DON and NIV concentrations in barley grains in four regions of...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Emanueli Bizarro Furtado Eduardo Guatimosim Danielle Ribeiro de Barros Carlos Augusto Mallmann Jeronimo Vieira de Araujo Filho Sabrina de Oliveira Martins Dauri José Tessmann Cesar Valmor Rombaldi Luara Medianeira de Lima Schlösser Adriana Favaretto Leandro José Dallagnol |
| author_facet | Emanueli Bizarro Furtado Eduardo Guatimosim Danielle Ribeiro de Barros Carlos Augusto Mallmann Jeronimo Vieira de Araujo Filho Sabrina de Oliveira Martins Dauri José Tessmann Cesar Valmor Rombaldi Luara Medianeira de Lima Schlösser Adriana Favaretto Leandro José Dallagnol |
| author_sort | Emanueli Bizarro Furtado |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fusarium head blight in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) reduces grain yield and can lead to the accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) in grains. We surveyed <i>Fusarium</i> species and evaluated DON and NIV concentrations in barley grains in four regions of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in subtropical Brazil. Seven <i>Fusarium</i> species were identified: <i>F. asiaticum</i>, <i>F. avenaceum</i>, <i>F. cortaderiae</i>, <i>F. graminearum</i>, <i>F. gerlachii</i>, <i>F. meridionale</i> and <i>F. poae</i>. DON (0 to 10,200 µg/kg) and NIV (0 to 1630 µg/kg) were detected in 74% and 70% of the samples, respectively, with higher concentrations found in experimental fields. However, in commercial barley fields, most samples fell below 2000 µg/kg of DON, which is the maximum limit allowed by Brazilian legislation for grains intended for processing. The seasonality of temperature and precipitation influenced mycotoxin concentrations. Therefore, the variability of <i>Fusarium</i> species in Rio Grande do Sul and a high incidence of DON and NIV in barley grains highlight the complexity of this pathosystem. This variability of <i>Fusarium</i> species may also influence the effectiveness of measures to control the disease, particularly in relation to genetic resistance and fungicide application. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a6936b76113d4d57a01e63d338e45c76 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| spelling | doaj-art-a6936b76113d4d57a01e63d338e45c762025-08-20T03:36:27ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-07-011415232710.3390/plants14152327Fusarium Head Blight in Barley from Subtropical Southern Brazil: Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species and Grain Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol and NivalenolEmanueli Bizarro Furtado0Eduardo Guatimosim1Danielle Ribeiro de Barros2Carlos Augusto Mallmann3Jeronimo Vieira de Araujo Filho4Sabrina de Oliveira Martins5Dauri José Tessmann6Cesar Valmor Rombaldi7Luara Medianeira de Lima Schlösser8Adriana Favaretto9Leandro José Dallagnol10Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande, São Lourenço do Sul 97300-000, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, PR, BrazilDepartamento de Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, BrazilAmbev, Passo Fundo 99040-630, RS, BrazilDepartamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, RS, BrazilFusarium head blight in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) reduces grain yield and can lead to the accumulation of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) in grains. We surveyed <i>Fusarium</i> species and evaluated DON and NIV concentrations in barley grains in four regions of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in subtropical Brazil. Seven <i>Fusarium</i> species were identified: <i>F. asiaticum</i>, <i>F. avenaceum</i>, <i>F. cortaderiae</i>, <i>F. graminearum</i>, <i>F. gerlachii</i>, <i>F. meridionale</i> and <i>F. poae</i>. DON (0 to 10,200 µg/kg) and NIV (0 to 1630 µg/kg) were detected in 74% and 70% of the samples, respectively, with higher concentrations found in experimental fields. However, in commercial barley fields, most samples fell below 2000 µg/kg of DON, which is the maximum limit allowed by Brazilian legislation for grains intended for processing. The seasonality of temperature and precipitation influenced mycotoxin concentrations. Therefore, the variability of <i>Fusarium</i> species in Rio Grande do Sul and a high incidence of DON and NIV in barley grains highlight the complexity of this pathosystem. This variability of <i>Fusarium</i> species may also influence the effectiveness of measures to control the disease, particularly in relation to genetic resistance and fungicide application.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2327food securityfood contamination<i>Fusarium</i> spp.<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>mycotoxins |
| spellingShingle | Emanueli Bizarro Furtado Eduardo Guatimosim Danielle Ribeiro de Barros Carlos Augusto Mallmann Jeronimo Vieira de Araujo Filho Sabrina de Oliveira Martins Dauri José Tessmann Cesar Valmor Rombaldi Luara Medianeira de Lima Schlösser Adriana Favaretto Leandro José Dallagnol Fusarium Head Blight in Barley from Subtropical Southern Brazil: Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species and Grain Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol Plants food security food contamination <i>Fusarium</i> spp. <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> mycotoxins |
| title | Fusarium Head Blight in Barley from Subtropical Southern Brazil: Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species and Grain Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol |
| title_full | Fusarium Head Blight in Barley from Subtropical Southern Brazil: Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species and Grain Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol |
| title_fullStr | Fusarium Head Blight in Barley from Subtropical Southern Brazil: Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species and Grain Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fusarium Head Blight in Barley from Subtropical Southern Brazil: Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species and Grain Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol |
| title_short | Fusarium Head Blight in Barley from Subtropical Southern Brazil: Associated <i>Fusarium</i> Species and Grain Contamination Levels of Deoxynivalenol and Nivalenol |
| title_sort | fusarium head blight in barley from subtropical southern brazil associated i fusarium i species and grain contamination levels of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol |
| topic | food security food contamination <i>Fusarium</i> spp. <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> mycotoxins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/15/2327 |
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