Autonomous navigation of quadrupeds using coverage path planning with morphological skeleton maps

This article proposes a novel method of coverage path planning for the purpose of scanning an unstructured environment autonomously. The method uses the morphological skeleton of a prior 2D navigation map via SLAM to generate a sequence of points of interest (POIs). This sequence is then ordered to...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alexander James Becoy, Kseniia Khomenko, Luka Peternel, Raj Thilak Rajan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Robotics and AI
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1601862/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850074402530525184
author Alexander James Becoy
Alexander James Becoy
Kseniia Khomenko
Luka Peternel
Raj Thilak Rajan
author_facet Alexander James Becoy
Alexander James Becoy
Kseniia Khomenko
Luka Peternel
Raj Thilak Rajan
author_sort Alexander James Becoy
collection DOAJ
description This article proposes a novel method of coverage path planning for the purpose of scanning an unstructured environment autonomously. The method uses the morphological skeleton of a prior 2D navigation map via SLAM to generate a sequence of points of interest (POIs). This sequence is then ordered to create an optimal path based on the robot’s current position. To control the high-level operation, a finite state machine (FSM) is used to switch between two modes: navigating toward a POI using Nav2 and scanning the local surroundings. We validate the method in a leveled, indoor, obstacle-free, non-convex environment, evaluating time efficiency and reachability over five trials. The map reader and path planner can quickly process maps of widths and heights ranging between [196,225] pixels and [185,231] pixels in 2.52 ms and 1.7 ms, respectively. Their computation time increases with 22.0 ns/pixel and 8.17 μs/pixel, respectively. The robot managed to reach 86.5% of all waypoints across the five runs. The proposed method suffers from drift occurring in the 2D navigation map.
format Article
id doaj-art-a68ac2e54f39498bbbeba0439575934e
institution DOAJ
issn 2296-9144
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Robotics and AI
spelling doaj-art-a68ac2e54f39498bbbeba0439575934e2025-08-20T02:46:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Robotics and AI2296-91442025-07-011210.3389/frobt.2025.16018621601862Autonomous navigation of quadrupeds using coverage path planning with morphological skeleton mapsAlexander James Becoy0Alexander James Becoy1Kseniia Khomenko2Luka Peternel3Raj Thilak Rajan4Department of Cognitive Robotics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NetherlandsDepartment of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NetherlandsDepartment of Cognitive Robotics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NetherlandsDepartment of Cognitive Robotics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NetherlandsDepartment of Microelectronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NetherlandsThis article proposes a novel method of coverage path planning for the purpose of scanning an unstructured environment autonomously. The method uses the morphological skeleton of a prior 2D navigation map via SLAM to generate a sequence of points of interest (POIs). This sequence is then ordered to create an optimal path based on the robot’s current position. To control the high-level operation, a finite state machine (FSM) is used to switch between two modes: navigating toward a POI using Nav2 and scanning the local surroundings. We validate the method in a leveled, indoor, obstacle-free, non-convex environment, evaluating time efficiency and reachability over five trials. The map reader and path planner can quickly process maps of widths and heights ranging between [196,225] pixels and [185,231] pixels in 2.52 ms and 1.7 ms, respectively. Their computation time increases with 22.0 ns/pixel and 8.17 μs/pixel, respectively. The robot managed to reach 86.5% of all waypoints across the five runs. The proposed method suffers from drift occurring in the 2D navigation map.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1601862/fullquadrupedautonomous navigationunstructured environmentcoverage path planningrobot operating system 2
spellingShingle Alexander James Becoy
Alexander James Becoy
Kseniia Khomenko
Luka Peternel
Raj Thilak Rajan
Autonomous navigation of quadrupeds using coverage path planning with morphological skeleton maps
Frontiers in Robotics and AI
quadruped
autonomous navigation
unstructured environment
coverage path planning
robot operating system 2
title Autonomous navigation of quadrupeds using coverage path planning with morphological skeleton maps
title_full Autonomous navigation of quadrupeds using coverage path planning with morphological skeleton maps
title_fullStr Autonomous navigation of quadrupeds using coverage path planning with morphological skeleton maps
title_full_unstemmed Autonomous navigation of quadrupeds using coverage path planning with morphological skeleton maps
title_short Autonomous navigation of quadrupeds using coverage path planning with morphological skeleton maps
title_sort autonomous navigation of quadrupeds using coverage path planning with morphological skeleton maps
topic quadruped
autonomous navigation
unstructured environment
coverage path planning
robot operating system 2
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2025.1601862/full
work_keys_str_mv AT alexanderjamesbecoy autonomousnavigationofquadrupedsusingcoveragepathplanningwithmorphologicalskeletonmaps
AT alexanderjamesbecoy autonomousnavigationofquadrupedsusingcoveragepathplanningwithmorphologicalskeletonmaps
AT kseniiakhomenko autonomousnavigationofquadrupedsusingcoveragepathplanningwithmorphologicalskeletonmaps
AT lukapeternel autonomousnavigationofquadrupedsusingcoveragepathplanningwithmorphologicalskeletonmaps
AT rajthilakrajan autonomousnavigationofquadrupedsusingcoveragepathplanningwithmorphologicalskeletonmaps