Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk estimation of indoor TVOCs, RSPM, FPM and SFPM on young women dwellers: a case study from the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), respiratory suspended particulate matter (RSPM-PM10), fine particulate matter (FPM-PM2.5) and sub-fine particulate matter (SFPM-PM1) have been found to exert negative impact on the women health. This study was conducted to see the effect of indoor R...
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Springer
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Discover Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06475-7 |
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| author | Farheen Zehra Samridhi Dwivedi Mohd Akbar Ali P. S. Rajinikanth Alfred Lawrence |
| author_facet | Farheen Zehra Samridhi Dwivedi Mohd Akbar Ali P. S. Rajinikanth Alfred Lawrence |
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| description | Abstract Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), respiratory suspended particulate matter (RSPM-PM10), fine particulate matter (FPM-PM2.5) and sub-fine particulate matter (SFPM-PM1) have been found to exert negative impact on the women health. This study was conducted to see the effect of indoor RSPM, FPM, SFPM and TVOCs on women health predominantly on young women dwellers (specifically categorized into pre-teenagers i.e., 8–12 years, teenagers i.e., 13–19 years and post-teenagers i.e., 20–21 years). Indoor monitoring was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023 in six different urban households of Lucknow, capital city of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Envirotech APM 550 for RSPM and FPM, APM 577 for SFPM and portable sensor-based instrument (BR-SMART) were used to measure TVOCs. The highest average indoor concentrations was found to be 250.1 ± 14.11 µg/m3 (PM10) at Rajajipuram, 140.62 ± 19.71 µg/m3 (PM2.5) at Indranagar, 27.60 ± 1.87 µg/m3 (PM1) and 934 ± 70.41 µg/m3 (TVOCs) at Kaiserbagh.Health risk assessment was also determined using average daily dose (ADD), excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and hazard quotient (HQ) for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. ELCR values for PM1 and PM2.5 surpassed the permissible limit in every house and HQ values also exceeded the minimum allowable value for 20–21 year age group at all of the locations, indicating substantial health risk from exposure. International Committee of Radiological Protection Model (ICRP) and Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model were used to see the regional deposition of PMs on the young women dwellers. To elucidate the spatial dynamics of these pollutants, the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation technique was employed. Additionally, site-specific analysis of PM mass ratios (PM2.5/PM10, PM1/PM2.5 and PM1/PM10) elucidated the particle size distribution and their sources, significantly enhancing the scientific understanding of aerosol dynamics in these urban settings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a677c45ab55a45b18ac987b2ab6ea2f3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 3004-9261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
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| series | Discover Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-a677c45ab55a45b18ac987b2ab6ea2f32025-01-19T12:34:57ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-01-017212610.1007/s42452-025-06475-7Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk estimation of indoor TVOCs, RSPM, FPM and SFPM on young women dwellers: a case study from the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, IndiaFarheen Zehra0Samridhi Dwivedi1Mohd Akbar Ali2P. S. Rajinikanth3Alfred Lawrence4Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn CollegeDepartment of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn CollegeK. Banerjee Centre of Atmospheric and Ocean Studies, University of AllahabadDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn CollegeAbstract Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), respiratory suspended particulate matter (RSPM-PM10), fine particulate matter (FPM-PM2.5) and sub-fine particulate matter (SFPM-PM1) have been found to exert negative impact on the women health. This study was conducted to see the effect of indoor RSPM, FPM, SFPM and TVOCs on women health predominantly on young women dwellers (specifically categorized into pre-teenagers i.e., 8–12 years, teenagers i.e., 13–19 years and post-teenagers i.e., 20–21 years). Indoor monitoring was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023 in six different urban households of Lucknow, capital city of Uttar Pradesh state of India. Envirotech APM 550 for RSPM and FPM, APM 577 for SFPM and portable sensor-based instrument (BR-SMART) were used to measure TVOCs. The highest average indoor concentrations was found to be 250.1 ± 14.11 µg/m3 (PM10) at Rajajipuram, 140.62 ± 19.71 µg/m3 (PM2.5) at Indranagar, 27.60 ± 1.87 µg/m3 (PM1) and 934 ± 70.41 µg/m3 (TVOCs) at Kaiserbagh.Health risk assessment was also determined using average daily dose (ADD), excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and hazard quotient (HQ) for carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk. ELCR values for PM1 and PM2.5 surpassed the permissible limit in every house and HQ values also exceeded the minimum allowable value for 20–21 year age group at all of the locations, indicating substantial health risk from exposure. International Committee of Radiological Protection Model (ICRP) and Multiple Path Particle Dosimetry (MPPD) model were used to see the regional deposition of PMs on the young women dwellers. To elucidate the spatial dynamics of these pollutants, the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation technique was employed. Additionally, site-specific analysis of PM mass ratios (PM2.5/PM10, PM1/PM2.5 and PM1/PM10) elucidated the particle size distribution and their sources, significantly enhancing the scientific understanding of aerosol dynamics in these urban settings.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06475-7RSPMFPMSFPMTVOCsIDWICRP model |
| spellingShingle | Farheen Zehra Samridhi Dwivedi Mohd Akbar Ali P. S. Rajinikanth Alfred Lawrence Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk estimation of indoor TVOCs, RSPM, FPM and SFPM on young women dwellers: a case study from the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, India Discover Applied Sciences RSPM FPM SFPM TVOCs IDW ICRP model |
| title | Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk estimation of indoor TVOCs, RSPM, FPM and SFPM on young women dwellers: a case study from the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, India |
| title_full | Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk estimation of indoor TVOCs, RSPM, FPM and SFPM on young women dwellers: a case study from the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, India |
| title_fullStr | Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk estimation of indoor TVOCs, RSPM, FPM and SFPM on young women dwellers: a case study from the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk estimation of indoor TVOCs, RSPM, FPM and SFPM on young women dwellers: a case study from the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, India |
| title_short | Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk estimation of indoor TVOCs, RSPM, FPM and SFPM on young women dwellers: a case study from the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, India |
| title_sort | carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risk estimation of indoor tvocs rspm fpm and sfpm on young women dwellers a case study from the capital city of uttar pradesh india |
| topic | RSPM FPM SFPM TVOCs IDW ICRP model |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06475-7 |
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