Anthelmintic resistance against benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones in strongyle populations on cattle farms in northern Germany

Abstract Anthelmintic resistance (AR) in cattle gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is an increasing global concern, with low to moderate levels recently documented in Central Europe. This study reports on resistance against both macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and benzimidazoles (BZs) in northern Germany,...

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Main Authors: Paula Ehnert, Jürgen Krücken, Stefan Fiedler, Fabian Horn, Christina S. Helm, Ann Neubert, Wiebke Weiher, Werner Terhalle, Stephan Steuber, Ricarda Daher, Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02838-7
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author Paula Ehnert
Jürgen Krücken
Stefan Fiedler
Fabian Horn
Christina S. Helm
Ann Neubert
Wiebke Weiher
Werner Terhalle
Stephan Steuber
Ricarda Daher
Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
author_facet Paula Ehnert
Jürgen Krücken
Stefan Fiedler
Fabian Horn
Christina S. Helm
Ann Neubert
Wiebke Weiher
Werner Terhalle
Stephan Steuber
Ricarda Daher
Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
author_sort Paula Ehnert
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Anthelmintic resistance (AR) in cattle gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is an increasing global concern, with low to moderate levels recently documented in Central Europe. This study reports on resistance against both macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and benzimidazoles (BZs) in northern Germany, highlighting that AR is spreading. The fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) remains the primary tool for AR assessment, yet differing methodologies and recent guideline updates complicate resistance interpretation across studies. Statistical methods, such as Bayesian approaches used by eggCounts and bayescount, yield varying confidence intervals, further influencing results. Notably, the nemabiome analysis identified Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora as predominant species in the region, though unexpected diversity among farms with additional GIN species occurring sometimes even at high frequency, suggests morphological analysis of coprocultures may underestimate species prevalence. Detecting AR against both drug classes on some farms underscores the urgency of implementing sustainable strategies, such as targeted selective treatment and combinations of anthelmintics with different mode of action, to prevent scenarios of multi-drug resistance observed elsewhere. Effective resistance management requires immediate discussions with veterinarians and stakeholders to steer toward informed, preventive measures in cattle farming.
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spelling doaj-art-a6765b26d0ce4d6287c27134971bf1ca2025-08-20T03:08:25ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-02838-7Anthelmintic resistance against benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones in strongyle populations on cattle farms in northern GermanyPaula Ehnert0Jürgen Krücken1Stefan Fiedler2Fabian Horn3Christina S. Helm4Ann Neubert5Wiebke Weiher6Werner Terhalle7Stephan Steuber8Ricarda Daher9Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna10Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinInstitute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinFederal Office of Consumer Protection and Food SafetyFederal Office of Consumer Protection and Food SafetyInstitute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinFederal Office of Consumer Protection and Food SafetyFederal Office of Consumer Protection and Food SafetyFederal Office of Consumer Protection and Food SafetyFederal Office of Consumer Protection and Food SafetyFederal Office of Consumer Protection and Food SafetyInstitute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität BerlinAbstract Anthelmintic resistance (AR) in cattle gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is an increasing global concern, with low to moderate levels recently documented in Central Europe. This study reports on resistance against both macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and benzimidazoles (BZs) in northern Germany, highlighting that AR is spreading. The fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) remains the primary tool for AR assessment, yet differing methodologies and recent guideline updates complicate resistance interpretation across studies. Statistical methods, such as Bayesian approaches used by eggCounts and bayescount, yield varying confidence intervals, further influencing results. Notably, the nemabiome analysis identified Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora as predominant species in the region, though unexpected diversity among farms with additional GIN species occurring sometimes even at high frequency, suggests morphological analysis of coprocultures may underestimate species prevalence. Detecting AR against both drug classes on some farms underscores the urgency of implementing sustainable strategies, such as targeted selective treatment and combinations of anthelmintics with different mode of action, to prevent scenarios of multi-drug resistance observed elsewhere. Effective resistance management requires immediate discussions with veterinarians and stakeholders to steer toward informed, preventive measures in cattle farming.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02838-7Gastrointestinal nematodeDrug resistanceCooperia oncophoraOstertagia ostertagiFECRT
spellingShingle Paula Ehnert
Jürgen Krücken
Stefan Fiedler
Fabian Horn
Christina S. Helm
Ann Neubert
Wiebke Weiher
Werner Terhalle
Stephan Steuber
Ricarda Daher
Georg von Samson-Himmelstjerna
Anthelmintic resistance against benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones in strongyle populations on cattle farms in northern Germany
Scientific Reports
Gastrointestinal nematode
Drug resistance
Cooperia oncophora
Ostertagia ostertagi
FECRT
title Anthelmintic resistance against benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones in strongyle populations on cattle farms in northern Germany
title_full Anthelmintic resistance against benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones in strongyle populations on cattle farms in northern Germany
title_fullStr Anthelmintic resistance against benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones in strongyle populations on cattle farms in northern Germany
title_full_unstemmed Anthelmintic resistance against benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones in strongyle populations on cattle farms in northern Germany
title_short Anthelmintic resistance against benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones in strongyle populations on cattle farms in northern Germany
title_sort anthelmintic resistance against benzimidazoles and macrocyclic lactones in strongyle populations on cattle farms in northern germany
topic Gastrointestinal nematode
Drug resistance
Cooperia oncophora
Ostertagia ostertagi
FECRT
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02838-7
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