A process evaluation of Ontario, Canada’s 2023–24 older-adult RSV vaccination program

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory illness in older adults. During the 2023–2024 respiratory season, Ontario was the first and only province in Canada to launch a publicly funded RSV vaccination program for older adults. A process evaluation of the program was complete...

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Main Authors: Reed Morrison, Janice Sarmiento, Jamie Park, Gillian Lim, Christina Renda, Michael Whelan, Allison McGeer, Tara Harris, Sarah E. Wilson
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2550089
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author Reed Morrison
Janice Sarmiento
Jamie Park
Gillian Lim
Christina Renda
Michael Whelan
Allison McGeer
Tara Harris
Sarah E. Wilson
author_facet Reed Morrison
Janice Sarmiento
Jamie Park
Gillian Lim
Christina Renda
Michael Whelan
Allison McGeer
Tara Harris
Sarah E. Wilson
author_sort Reed Morrison
collection DOAJ
description Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory illness in older adults. During the 2023–2024 respiratory season, Ontario was the first and only province in Canada to launch a publicly funded RSV vaccination program for older adults. A process evaluation of the program was completed to better understand the experiences of the local Public Health Units (PHUs) and long-term care homes (LTCHs) implementing the program. Two process evaluation surveys, one each for PHUs and LTCHs, and a separate immunization coverage survey for LTCHs were distributed. The coverage survey found that 58.5% of residents, among all those living in LTCHs responding to the survey, received the RSV vaccine. Process evaluation surveys found that both PHUs and LTCHs perceived the RSV vaccine to be of lower priority than influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. There was also concordance between PHU and LTCH respondents regarding barriers to program implementation, which included temporary guidance against routine co-administration, a detailed informed consent procedure, and the timing of program roll-out. An additional barrier for LTCH respondents was vaccine hesitancy among staff and residents or their substitute decision makers. Facilitators to program implementation were effective communication with program partners, availability of technical resources, and programmatic supports. These evaluation findings are being shared to assist other jurisdictions in their planning of potential older adult or LTCH vaccination programs, including RSV vaccination. An important consideration for future program implementation is how to improve vaccine confidence in LTCH residents and staff in a rapidly changing vaccine landscape.
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spelling doaj-art-a66ef08aa07d475c90f015ef5a3b37c02025-08-25T13:15:27ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2025-12-0121110.1080/21645515.2025.2550089A process evaluation of Ontario, Canada’s 2023–24 older-adult RSV vaccination programReed Morrison0Janice Sarmiento1Jamie Park2Gillian Lim3Christina Renda4Michael Whelan5Allison McGeer6Tara Harris7Sarah E. Wilson8Department of Communicable Disease Control, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Communicable Disease Control, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Communicable Disease Control, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Communicable Disease Control, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Communicable Disease Control, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Communicable Disease Control, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Microbiology, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Communicable Disease Control, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaDepartment of Communicable Disease Control, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, CanadaRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of respiratory illness in older adults. During the 2023–2024 respiratory season, Ontario was the first and only province in Canada to launch a publicly funded RSV vaccination program for older adults. A process evaluation of the program was completed to better understand the experiences of the local Public Health Units (PHUs) and long-term care homes (LTCHs) implementing the program. Two process evaluation surveys, one each for PHUs and LTCHs, and a separate immunization coverage survey for LTCHs were distributed. The coverage survey found that 58.5% of residents, among all those living in LTCHs responding to the survey, received the RSV vaccine. Process evaluation surveys found that both PHUs and LTCHs perceived the RSV vaccine to be of lower priority than influenza and COVID-19 vaccines. There was also concordance between PHU and LTCH respondents regarding barriers to program implementation, which included temporary guidance against routine co-administration, a detailed informed consent procedure, and the timing of program roll-out. An additional barrier for LTCH respondents was vaccine hesitancy among staff and residents or their substitute decision makers. Facilitators to program implementation were effective communication with program partners, availability of technical resources, and programmatic supports. These evaluation findings are being shared to assist other jurisdictions in their planning of potential older adult or LTCH vaccination programs, including RSV vaccination. An important consideration for future program implementation is how to improve vaccine confidence in LTCH residents and staff in a rapidly changing vaccine landscape.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2550089Immunizationimmunization programrespiratory syncytial virusRSVevaluationlong term care
spellingShingle Reed Morrison
Janice Sarmiento
Jamie Park
Gillian Lim
Christina Renda
Michael Whelan
Allison McGeer
Tara Harris
Sarah E. Wilson
A process evaluation of Ontario, Canada’s 2023–24 older-adult RSV vaccination program
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
Immunization
immunization program
respiratory syncytial virus
RSV
evaluation
long term care
title A process evaluation of Ontario, Canada’s 2023–24 older-adult RSV vaccination program
title_full A process evaluation of Ontario, Canada’s 2023–24 older-adult RSV vaccination program
title_fullStr A process evaluation of Ontario, Canada’s 2023–24 older-adult RSV vaccination program
title_full_unstemmed A process evaluation of Ontario, Canada’s 2023–24 older-adult RSV vaccination program
title_short A process evaluation of Ontario, Canada’s 2023–24 older-adult RSV vaccination program
title_sort process evaluation of ontario canada s 2023 24 older adult rsv vaccination program
topic Immunization
immunization program
respiratory syncytial virus
RSV
evaluation
long term care
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2550089
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