Revealing the Importance of Iron Aerogel Features as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Metal nanoparticles supported in carbon materials are the traditional electrocatalyst currently used in many applications. However, these composite materials have many problems associated with the optimization of both components for the specific application, besides the stability of the mixture. Sel...

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Main Authors: Judith González-Lavín, Ana Arenillas, Natalia Rey-Raap
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Gels
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/3/154
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author Judith González-Lavín
Ana Arenillas
Natalia Rey-Raap
author_facet Judith González-Lavín
Ana Arenillas
Natalia Rey-Raap
author_sort Judith González-Lavín
collection DOAJ
description Metal nanoparticles supported in carbon materials are the traditional electrocatalyst currently used in many applications. However, these composite materials have many problems associated with the optimization of both components for the specific application, besides the stability of the mixture. Self-supported metallic materials may be an interesting strategy in order to avoid the traditional carbon supports; however, these metallic materials should present highly active surface area. Iron aerogels are presented in this work as effective and affordable unsupported electrocatalysts. The combination of their metallic structure with high porosity (i.e., 85 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and 0.45 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> of mesopore volume), due to their interconnected tridimensional structure, leads to a great activity versus the oxygen reduction reaction. A method for producing iron aerogels based on microwave-assisted sol–gel methodology is presented. The incorporation of carbon functionalities to the iron aerogels seems to clearly influence the mechanism of the reaction, favoring the direct mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction and thus notably improving the performance of the electrocatalysts. Chemical vapor deposition seems to be an adequate methodology for incorporating carbon functionalities to the transition metal structure without affecting the tridimensional network and leading to current densities over 4 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and great stability even after 10,000 s.
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spelling doaj-art-a6692aab39a14bbd84a76d8d72bb616e2025-08-20T02:42:32ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612025-02-0111315410.3390/gels11030154Revealing the Importance of Iron Aerogel Features as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction ReactionJudith González-Lavín0Ana Arenillas1Natalia Rey-Raap2Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, 33011 Oviedo, SpainInstituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, 33011 Oviedo, SpainInstituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, 33011 Oviedo, SpainMetal nanoparticles supported in carbon materials are the traditional electrocatalyst currently used in many applications. However, these composite materials have many problems associated with the optimization of both components for the specific application, besides the stability of the mixture. Self-supported metallic materials may be an interesting strategy in order to avoid the traditional carbon supports; however, these metallic materials should present highly active surface area. Iron aerogels are presented in this work as effective and affordable unsupported electrocatalysts. The combination of their metallic structure with high porosity (i.e., 85 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and 0.45 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> of mesopore volume), due to their interconnected tridimensional structure, leads to a great activity versus the oxygen reduction reaction. A method for producing iron aerogels based on microwave-assisted sol–gel methodology is presented. The incorporation of carbon functionalities to the iron aerogels seems to clearly influence the mechanism of the reaction, favoring the direct mechanism of the oxygen reduction reaction and thus notably improving the performance of the electrocatalysts. Chemical vapor deposition seems to be an adequate methodology for incorporating carbon functionalities to the transition metal structure without affecting the tridimensional network and leading to current densities over 4 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> and great stability even after 10,000 s.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/3/154iron aerogelelectrocatalystoxygen reduction reactiontransition metalcarbon functionalization
spellingShingle Judith González-Lavín
Ana Arenillas
Natalia Rey-Raap
Revealing the Importance of Iron Aerogel Features as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Gels
iron aerogel
electrocatalyst
oxygen reduction reaction
transition metal
carbon functionalization
title Revealing the Importance of Iron Aerogel Features as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
title_full Revealing the Importance of Iron Aerogel Features as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
title_fullStr Revealing the Importance of Iron Aerogel Features as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
title_full_unstemmed Revealing the Importance of Iron Aerogel Features as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
title_short Revealing the Importance of Iron Aerogel Features as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
title_sort revealing the importance of iron aerogel features as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
topic iron aerogel
electrocatalyst
oxygen reduction reaction
transition metal
carbon functionalization
url https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/11/3/154
work_keys_str_mv AT judithgonzalezlavin revealingtheimportanceofironaerogelfeaturesaselectrocatalystsfortheoxygenreductionreaction
AT anaarenillas revealingtheimportanceofironaerogelfeaturesaselectrocatalystsfortheoxygenreductionreaction
AT nataliareyraap revealingtheimportanceofironaerogelfeaturesaselectrocatalystsfortheoxygenreductionreaction