Cross‐Scale Interactions Between ULF Waves, VLF Waves, and Electrons

Abstract Wave‐particle interactions are essential for energy transport in the magnetosphere. In this study, we investigated an event during which electrons interact simultaneously with waves in different scales, using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. At the macroscale (∼105 km), drif...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xing‐Yu Li, Qiu‐Gang Zong, Shan Wang, Xu‐Zhi Zhou, Chao Yue, Li Li, Zhi‐Yang Liu, Yong‐Fu Wang, Ze‐Fan Yin, Yi‐Xin Sun, Yi‐Xin Hao, Craig Pollock, Christopher T. Russell, Robert E. Ergun, Per‐Arne Lindqvist
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115095
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849434489383550976
author Xing‐Yu Li
Qiu‐Gang Zong
Shan Wang
Xu‐Zhi Zhou
Chao Yue
Li Li
Zhi‐Yang Liu
Yong‐Fu Wang
Ze‐Fan Yin
Yi‐Xin Sun
Yi‐Xin Hao
Craig Pollock
Christopher T. Russell
Robert E. Ergun
Per‐Arne Lindqvist
author_facet Xing‐Yu Li
Qiu‐Gang Zong
Shan Wang
Xu‐Zhi Zhou
Chao Yue
Li Li
Zhi‐Yang Liu
Yong‐Fu Wang
Ze‐Fan Yin
Yi‐Xin Sun
Yi‐Xin Hao
Craig Pollock
Christopher T. Russell
Robert E. Ergun
Per‐Arne Lindqvist
author_sort Xing‐Yu Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Wave‐particle interactions are essential for energy transport in the magnetosphere. In this study, we investigated an event during which electrons interact simultaneously with waves in different scales, using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. At the macroscale (∼105 km), drift resonance between ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves and 70–300 keV electrons is observed. At the microscale (∼100−101 km), lower‐band chorus waves and electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves are alternately generated, showing signatures of modulation by ULF waves. We found that compressional ULF waves affect the temperature anisotropy of 1–10 keV electrons, thereby periodically exciting chorus waves. Through linear instability analysis, we propose that ULF waves modulate ECH wave emissions by regulating the gradient of electron phase space density at the edge of the loss cone. Our results enhance the understanding of cross‐scale wave‐particle interactions, highlighting their importance in magnetospheric dynamics.
format Article
id doaj-art-a66773577aa54723ba6bc48f03ecc7d0
institution Kabale University
issn 0094-8276
1944-8007
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-a66773577aa54723ba6bc48f03ecc7d02025-08-20T03:26:38ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-05-015210n/an/a10.1029/2025GL115095Cross‐Scale Interactions Between ULF Waves, VLF Waves, and ElectronsXing‐Yu Li0Qiu‐Gang Zong1Shan Wang2Xu‐Zhi Zhou3Chao Yue4Li Li5Zhi‐Yang Liu6Yong‐Fu Wang7Ze‐Fan Yin8Yi‐Xin Sun9Yi‐Xin Hao10Craig Pollock11Christopher T. Russell12Robert E. Ergun13Per‐Arne Lindqvist14Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Beijing ChinaInstitute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Beijing ChinaInstitute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Beijing ChinaInstitute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Beijing ChinaInstitute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Beijing ChinaChina University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing ChinaInstitut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie CNES‐CNRS‐Universite Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse FranceInstitute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Beijing ChinaInstitute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Beijing ChinaInstitute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Beijing ChinaMax Planck Institute for Solar System Research Göttingen GermanyDenali Scientific Fairbanks AK USADepartment of Earth and Space Sciences University of California Los Angeles CA USADepartment of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder CO USADepartment of Space and Plasma Physics KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm SwedenAbstract Wave‐particle interactions are essential for energy transport in the magnetosphere. In this study, we investigated an event during which electrons interact simultaneously with waves in different scales, using data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. At the macroscale (∼105 km), drift resonance between ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves and 70–300 keV electrons is observed. At the microscale (∼100−101 km), lower‐band chorus waves and electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves are alternately generated, showing signatures of modulation by ULF waves. We found that compressional ULF waves affect the temperature anisotropy of 1–10 keV electrons, thereby periodically exciting chorus waves. Through linear instability analysis, we propose that ULF waves modulate ECH wave emissions by regulating the gradient of electron phase space density at the edge of the loss cone. Our results enhance the understanding of cross‐scale wave‐particle interactions, highlighting their importance in magnetospheric dynamics.https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115095wave‐particle interactionultra‐low frequency wavechorus waveelectron cyclotron harmonic wavedrift resonanceelectron acceleration
spellingShingle Xing‐Yu Li
Qiu‐Gang Zong
Shan Wang
Xu‐Zhi Zhou
Chao Yue
Li Li
Zhi‐Yang Liu
Yong‐Fu Wang
Ze‐Fan Yin
Yi‐Xin Sun
Yi‐Xin Hao
Craig Pollock
Christopher T. Russell
Robert E. Ergun
Per‐Arne Lindqvist
Cross‐Scale Interactions Between ULF Waves, VLF Waves, and Electrons
Geophysical Research Letters
wave‐particle interaction
ultra‐low frequency wave
chorus wave
electron cyclotron harmonic wave
drift resonance
electron acceleration
title Cross‐Scale Interactions Between ULF Waves, VLF Waves, and Electrons
title_full Cross‐Scale Interactions Between ULF Waves, VLF Waves, and Electrons
title_fullStr Cross‐Scale Interactions Between ULF Waves, VLF Waves, and Electrons
title_full_unstemmed Cross‐Scale Interactions Between ULF Waves, VLF Waves, and Electrons
title_short Cross‐Scale Interactions Between ULF Waves, VLF Waves, and Electrons
title_sort cross scale interactions between ulf waves vlf waves and electrons
topic wave‐particle interaction
ultra‐low frequency wave
chorus wave
electron cyclotron harmonic wave
drift resonance
electron acceleration
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115095
work_keys_str_mv AT xingyuli crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT qiugangzong crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT shanwang crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT xuzhizhou crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT chaoyue crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT lili crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT zhiyangliu crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT yongfuwang crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT zefanyin crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT yixinsun crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT yixinhao crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT craigpollock crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT christophertrussell crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT roberteergun crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons
AT perarnelindqvist crossscaleinteractionsbetweenulfwavesvlfwavesandelectrons