Gaucher disease type 3 from infancy through adulthood: a conceptual model of signs, symptoms, and impacts associated with ataxia and cognitive impairment

Abstract Background Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by diverse neurological and systemic manifestations. Symptoms of ataxia, cognitive impairment, and other systemic symptoms profoundly impact daily activities and the quality of life for individuals living w...

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Main Authors: Raphael Schiffmann, James Turnbull, Robert Krupnick, Ruth Pulikottil-Jacob, Chad Gwaltney, Alaa Hamed, Isabela Batsu, Walter Heine, Eugen Mengel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-025-03654-y
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author Raphael Schiffmann
James Turnbull
Robert Krupnick
Ruth Pulikottil-Jacob
Chad Gwaltney
Alaa Hamed
Isabela Batsu
Walter Heine
Eugen Mengel
author_facet Raphael Schiffmann
James Turnbull
Robert Krupnick
Ruth Pulikottil-Jacob
Chad Gwaltney
Alaa Hamed
Isabela Batsu
Walter Heine
Eugen Mengel
author_sort Raphael Schiffmann
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by diverse neurological and systemic manifestations. Symptoms of ataxia, cognitive impairment, and other systemic symptoms profoundly impact daily activities and the quality of life for individuals living with the disease. Development of a conceptual model of disease for persons living with GD3 from birth to adulthood would enable objective monitoring of disease progression and assessment of treatment benefits. Methods A targeted literature review, interviews with clinical experts, and interviews with individuals and their caregivers living in the UK and the US were carried out to understand the patient experience. Interviews were transcribed and de-identified data were analyzed to identify signs, symptoms, and impacts of ataxia, cognitive impairment, and other systemic impairments. A conceptual model was developed by integrating relevant signs, symptoms, and impacts experienced from birth through adulthood. Results Review of symptoms and impacts of GD3 from three published scientific articles, and interviews with six clinical experts, 12 individuals living with GD3, and 12 caregivers, identified 58 patient experience concepts associated with GD3. Signs and symptoms associated with ataxia appear during the first 3 years of life and persist beyond 5 years of age, while signs and symptoms related to neurocognition appear later in life. Difficulty in shifting gaze and/or tracking objects, ataxia, tremors, memory problems, difficulty in processing new information, fatigue, and bone pain are most salient concepts for GD3. In patients aged ≤ 5 years, motor manifestations and symptoms were far more prevalent than neurocognitive signs and symptoms. Inability to work or perform at school, limited social and family engagements, restricted mobility (walking, driving, public transportation), and declining independence were the most important impacts on individuals with GD3. Conclusions Heterogeneity exists in GD3 manifestations, especially neuromuscular and neurocognitive signs, symptoms, and impacts, across all age ranges of individuals living with GD3. The conceptual model developed in the study provided a comprehensive understanding of the disease in individuals with GD3.
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spelling doaj-art-a664b45d8bfa48dd84768056cc950e9d2025-08-20T03:10:06ZengBMCOrphanet Journal of Rare Diseases1750-11722025-04-0120111210.1186/s13023-025-03654-yGaucher disease type 3 from infancy through adulthood: a conceptual model of signs, symptoms, and impacts associated with ataxia and cognitive impairmentRaphael Schiffmann0James Turnbull1Robert Krupnick2Ruth Pulikottil-Jacob3Chad Gwaltney4Alaa Hamed5Isabela Batsu6Walter Heine7Eugen Mengel8Texas Christian UniversityIQVIA Inc.IQVIA Inc.SanofiGwaltney ConsultingSanofiSanofiSanofiSphinCS GmbH, Institute of Clinical Science in LSDAbstract Background Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3) is a lysosomal storage disease characterized by diverse neurological and systemic manifestations. Symptoms of ataxia, cognitive impairment, and other systemic symptoms profoundly impact daily activities and the quality of life for individuals living with the disease. Development of a conceptual model of disease for persons living with GD3 from birth to adulthood would enable objective monitoring of disease progression and assessment of treatment benefits. Methods A targeted literature review, interviews with clinical experts, and interviews with individuals and their caregivers living in the UK and the US were carried out to understand the patient experience. Interviews were transcribed and de-identified data were analyzed to identify signs, symptoms, and impacts of ataxia, cognitive impairment, and other systemic impairments. A conceptual model was developed by integrating relevant signs, symptoms, and impacts experienced from birth through adulthood. Results Review of symptoms and impacts of GD3 from three published scientific articles, and interviews with six clinical experts, 12 individuals living with GD3, and 12 caregivers, identified 58 patient experience concepts associated with GD3. Signs and symptoms associated with ataxia appear during the first 3 years of life and persist beyond 5 years of age, while signs and symptoms related to neurocognition appear later in life. Difficulty in shifting gaze and/or tracking objects, ataxia, tremors, memory problems, difficulty in processing new information, fatigue, and bone pain are most salient concepts for GD3. In patients aged ≤ 5 years, motor manifestations and symptoms were far more prevalent than neurocognitive signs and symptoms. Inability to work or perform at school, limited social and family engagements, restricted mobility (walking, driving, public transportation), and declining independence were the most important impacts on individuals with GD3. Conclusions Heterogeneity exists in GD3 manifestations, especially neuromuscular and neurocognitive signs, symptoms, and impacts, across all age ranges of individuals living with GD3. The conceptual model developed in the study provided a comprehensive understanding of the disease in individuals with GD3.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-025-03654-yGaucher diseaseGD3AtaxiaCognitive impairmentConceptual model
spellingShingle Raphael Schiffmann
James Turnbull
Robert Krupnick
Ruth Pulikottil-Jacob
Chad Gwaltney
Alaa Hamed
Isabela Batsu
Walter Heine
Eugen Mengel
Gaucher disease type 3 from infancy through adulthood: a conceptual model of signs, symptoms, and impacts associated with ataxia and cognitive impairment
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
Gaucher disease
GD3
Ataxia
Cognitive impairment
Conceptual model
title Gaucher disease type 3 from infancy through adulthood: a conceptual model of signs, symptoms, and impacts associated with ataxia and cognitive impairment
title_full Gaucher disease type 3 from infancy through adulthood: a conceptual model of signs, symptoms, and impacts associated with ataxia and cognitive impairment
title_fullStr Gaucher disease type 3 from infancy through adulthood: a conceptual model of signs, symptoms, and impacts associated with ataxia and cognitive impairment
title_full_unstemmed Gaucher disease type 3 from infancy through adulthood: a conceptual model of signs, symptoms, and impacts associated with ataxia and cognitive impairment
title_short Gaucher disease type 3 from infancy through adulthood: a conceptual model of signs, symptoms, and impacts associated with ataxia and cognitive impairment
title_sort gaucher disease type 3 from infancy through adulthood a conceptual model of signs symptoms and impacts associated with ataxia and cognitive impairment
topic Gaucher disease
GD3
Ataxia
Cognitive impairment
Conceptual model
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13023-025-03654-y
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