Sign-reversed anomalous nernst effect with matched Seebeck coefficient in lanthanide-iron alloys for the direct sensing of heat flux
Heat flux sensors based on the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) have emerged as a promising solution for achieving thin and flexible designs. ANE-based heat flux sensors typically employ thermopile structures composed of two ANE materials with opposite signs, connected in series to enhance sensing perf...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Science and Technology of Advanced Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14686996.2025.2544649 |
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| author | Hyun Yu Sang J. Park Inho Lee Ji Hoon Shim Hyungyu Jin |
| author_facet | Hyun Yu Sang J. Park Inho Lee Ji Hoon Shim Hyungyu Jin |
| author_sort | Hyun Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heat flux sensors based on the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) have emerged as a promising solution for achieving thin and flexible designs. ANE-based heat flux sensors typically employ thermopile structures composed of two ANE materials with opposite signs, connected in series to enhance sensing performance. However, a mismatch in the Seebeck coefficient between the two ANE materials causes a considerable offset voltage due to the Seebeck effect (SE) under oblique heat flux. This parasitic sensing voltage hinders direct sensing of heat flux in the intended direction. In this study, a sign-reversed ANE with matched Seebeck coefficient is examined in Fe3Ln (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er), enabling a thermopile structure free from the SE-induced offset voltage. Based on density functional theory calculations, Fe₃Ln is selected as a suitable candidate for exhibiting sign reversal of ANE while maintaining the Seebeck coefficient. At 300 K, Fe3Ln (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) exhibits a positive ANE sign, whereas Fe3Er exhibits a negative ANE sign, facilitating the combination of two sign-reversed ANE materials. Among these, Fe3Ho and Fe3Er demonstrate the lowest Seebeck coefficient difference of 0.45 μV K−1, minimizing the offset voltage-induced relative uncertainty, as confirmed by COMSOL simulations – comparable to that of other SE-based heat flux sensors. This study paves the way for the development of ANE-based heat flux sensors by introducing a novel approach to pairing opposite-ANE-sign materials with matched Seebeck coefficient, enabling direct and accurate heat flux sensing via thermopile structures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a6609eec9bf54ba7a440be54c5a2d9f8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1468-6996 1878-5514 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
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| series | Science and Technology of Advanced Materials |
| spelling | doaj-art-a6609eec9bf54ba7a440be54c5a2d9f82025-08-20T04:01:08ZengTaylor & Francis GroupScience and Technology of Advanced Materials1468-69961878-55142025-08-0110.1080/14686996.2025.2544649Sign-reversed anomalous nernst effect with matched Seebeck coefficient in lanthanide-iron alloys for the direct sensing of heat fluxHyun Yu0Sang J. Park1Inho Lee2Ji Hoon Shim3Hyungyu Jin4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South KoreaHeat flux sensors based on the anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) have emerged as a promising solution for achieving thin and flexible designs. ANE-based heat flux sensors typically employ thermopile structures composed of two ANE materials with opposite signs, connected in series to enhance sensing performance. However, a mismatch in the Seebeck coefficient between the two ANE materials causes a considerable offset voltage due to the Seebeck effect (SE) under oblique heat flux. This parasitic sensing voltage hinders direct sensing of heat flux in the intended direction. In this study, a sign-reversed ANE with matched Seebeck coefficient is examined in Fe3Ln (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er), enabling a thermopile structure free from the SE-induced offset voltage. Based on density functional theory calculations, Fe₃Ln is selected as a suitable candidate for exhibiting sign reversal of ANE while maintaining the Seebeck coefficient. At 300 K, Fe3Ln (Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho) exhibits a positive ANE sign, whereas Fe3Er exhibits a negative ANE sign, facilitating the combination of two sign-reversed ANE materials. Among these, Fe3Ho and Fe3Er demonstrate the lowest Seebeck coefficient difference of 0.45 μV K−1, minimizing the offset voltage-induced relative uncertainty, as confirmed by COMSOL simulations – comparable to that of other SE-based heat flux sensors. This study paves the way for the development of ANE-based heat flux sensors by introducing a novel approach to pairing opposite-ANE-sign materials with matched Seebeck coefficient, enabling direct and accurate heat flux sensing via thermopile structures.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14686996.2025.2544649Heat flux sensoranomalous nernst effectanomalous nernst thermopileLanthanide-iron alloyuncertainty of heat flux sensing |
| spellingShingle | Hyun Yu Sang J. Park Inho Lee Ji Hoon Shim Hyungyu Jin Sign-reversed anomalous nernst effect with matched Seebeck coefficient in lanthanide-iron alloys for the direct sensing of heat flux Science and Technology of Advanced Materials Heat flux sensor anomalous nernst effect anomalous nernst thermopile Lanthanide-iron alloy uncertainty of heat flux sensing |
| title | Sign-reversed anomalous nernst effect with matched Seebeck coefficient in lanthanide-iron alloys for the direct sensing of heat flux |
| title_full | Sign-reversed anomalous nernst effect with matched Seebeck coefficient in lanthanide-iron alloys for the direct sensing of heat flux |
| title_fullStr | Sign-reversed anomalous nernst effect with matched Seebeck coefficient in lanthanide-iron alloys for the direct sensing of heat flux |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sign-reversed anomalous nernst effect with matched Seebeck coefficient in lanthanide-iron alloys for the direct sensing of heat flux |
| title_short | Sign-reversed anomalous nernst effect with matched Seebeck coefficient in lanthanide-iron alloys for the direct sensing of heat flux |
| title_sort | sign reversed anomalous nernst effect with matched seebeck coefficient in lanthanide iron alloys for the direct sensing of heat flux |
| topic | Heat flux sensor anomalous nernst effect anomalous nernst thermopile Lanthanide-iron alloy uncertainty of heat flux sensing |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/14686996.2025.2544649 |
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