Illiberal Social Policy in Europe: When Policy Implementation Meets Welfare Ideas

This article examines the role of social policy in the electoral success of illiberal political parties in Europe between 2010 and 2024, systematically comparing social policies of illiberal actors in Austria, Hungary, Italy, and Poland. Utilizing qualitative content analysis, we differentiate betwe...

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Main Authors: Dorottya Szikra, Lauritz Autischer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cogitatio 2025-07-01
Series:Politics and Governance
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/9707
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author Dorottya Szikra
Lauritz Autischer
author_facet Dorottya Szikra
Lauritz Autischer
author_sort Dorottya Szikra
collection DOAJ
description This article examines the role of social policy in the electoral success of illiberal political parties in Europe between 2010 and 2024, systematically comparing social policies of illiberal actors in Austria, Hungary, Italy, and Poland. Utilizing qualitative content analysis, we differentiate between the welfare ideas of illiberal parties and their actual policy implementations to understand the mechanisms behind their sustained popularity. We paid special attention to the link between ideas and policy reforms to understand whether illiberals carried out paradigmatic changes that altered the underlying goals of social policies. Our findings reveal that illiberal actors align their social policies with the welfare ideas they propagate, targeting specific demographic groups often neglected by earlier democratic politics. We observe that besides their exclusionary rhetoric and reforms against the “undeserving outsiders,” such as immigrants, illiberals implement paradigmatic inclusionary reforms, especially to social insurance systems. Notably, the consistency and ideological alignment of their social policies contribute significantly to building loyal constituencies and challenging previous welfare state arrangements. This study highlights the necessity of recognizing the complexity of illiberal social policy to fully grasp the dynamics of their political appeal and offers insights to liberal democratic actors on effective policy responses.
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spelling doaj-art-a65ee305c13e41c18010d52f5aca5a2a2025-08-20T03:17:42ZengCogitatioPolitics and Governance2183-24632025-07-0113010.17645/pag.97074232Illiberal Social Policy in Europe: When Policy Implementation Meets Welfare IdeasDorottya Szikra0Lauritz Autischer1Institute for Sociology, HUN‐REN Center for Social Sciences, HungaryDepartment of Political Science, Central European University, AustriaThis article examines the role of social policy in the electoral success of illiberal political parties in Europe between 2010 and 2024, systematically comparing social policies of illiberal actors in Austria, Hungary, Italy, and Poland. Utilizing qualitative content analysis, we differentiate between the welfare ideas of illiberal parties and their actual policy implementations to understand the mechanisms behind their sustained popularity. We paid special attention to the link between ideas and policy reforms to understand whether illiberals carried out paradigmatic changes that altered the underlying goals of social policies. Our findings reveal that illiberal actors align their social policies with the welfare ideas they propagate, targeting specific demographic groups often neglected by earlier democratic politics. We observe that besides their exclusionary rhetoric and reforms against the “undeserving outsiders,” such as immigrants, illiberals implement paradigmatic inclusionary reforms, especially to social insurance systems. Notably, the consistency and ideological alignment of their social policies contribute significantly to building loyal constituencies and challenging previous welfare state arrangements. This study highlights the necessity of recognizing the complexity of illiberal social policy to fully grasp the dynamics of their political appeal and offers insights to liberal democratic actors on effective policy responses.https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/9707deservingnessfar‐rightilliberalismsocial policywelfare
spellingShingle Dorottya Szikra
Lauritz Autischer
Illiberal Social Policy in Europe: When Policy Implementation Meets Welfare Ideas
Politics and Governance
deservingness
far‐right
illiberalism
social policy
welfare
title Illiberal Social Policy in Europe: When Policy Implementation Meets Welfare Ideas
title_full Illiberal Social Policy in Europe: When Policy Implementation Meets Welfare Ideas
title_fullStr Illiberal Social Policy in Europe: When Policy Implementation Meets Welfare Ideas
title_full_unstemmed Illiberal Social Policy in Europe: When Policy Implementation Meets Welfare Ideas
title_short Illiberal Social Policy in Europe: When Policy Implementation Meets Welfare Ideas
title_sort illiberal social policy in europe when policy implementation meets welfare ideas
topic deservingness
far‐right
illiberalism
social policy
welfare
url https://www.cogitatiopress.com/politicsandgovernance/article/view/9707
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