Syndrome of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection

Background. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement is an alternative route for virus entry into the target cells. In this process, cross-reactive antiviral antibodies improve the access of the virus to cells through interaction with specific receptors (complement receptors and Fc receptor on the cell surfac...

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Main Authors: A. A. Grishaeva, Zh. B. Ponezheva, M. I. Cherenova, O. V. Fedorova, Yu. A. Dobrokhotova, G. N. Khokhlov
Format: Article
Language:Russian
Published: Open Systems Publication 2023-08-01
Series:Лечащий Врач
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Online Access:https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1109
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author A. A. Grishaeva
Zh. B. Ponezheva
M. I. Cherenova
O. V. Fedorova
Yu. A. Dobrokhotova
G. N. Khokhlov
author_facet A. A. Grishaeva
Zh. B. Ponezheva
M. I. Cherenova
O. V. Fedorova
Yu. A. Dobrokhotova
G. N. Khokhlov
author_sort A. A. Grishaeva
collection DOAJ
description Background. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement is an alternative route for virus entry into the target cells. In this process, cross-reactive antiviral antibodies improve the access of the virus to cells through interaction with specific receptors (complement receptors and Fc receptor on the cell surface), which leads to worsening of the infection. This phenomenon has been widely studied in dengue fever, however, at present its contribution to the pathogenesis of other viral infections remains poorly understood.Results. It has been shown that the development of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in dengue fever occurs with a secondary infection, in the case of infection with a different serotype of the virus from the primary infection. Antibodies produced during a primary infection are not able to completely neutralize another serotype of the virus, but instead bind to the virus and Fc receptors on cells, which contributes to increased penetration of the virus into these cells, increased replication and the development of a "cytokine storm" leading to increased capillary leakage and the development of hemorrhagic form of dengue fever. It has been noted that the development of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in coronavirus infections in animals seriously aggravates the course of the disease, however, the contribution of this syndrome to the COVID-19 clinic manifestations is poorly understood, while the constant change in the dominant virus genetic variant creates prerequisites for re-infection. Numerous studies of the Antibody-Dependent Enhancement made it possible to describe the possible mechanisms of its occurrence and to determine the necessary conditions for its development.Conclusion. Of particular concern is the phenomenon of a vaccine-associated enhancement of viral infection, which leads to a worsening of the viral infection with the formation of non-protective antibodies in patients after immunization. The introduction of vector vaccines into clinical practice has led to a significant increase in the risk of breakthrough infections and severe forms, which imposes restrictions on the use of these vaccines, and creates increased requirements for their development and testing.
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spelling doaj-art-a65c1a6aeed94ef89811eddacf85db352025-08-20T03:20:31ZrusOpen Systems PublicationЛечащий Врач1560-51752687-11812023-08-0107-8869210.51793/OS.2023.26.8.0131103Syndrome of antibody-dependent enhancement of infectionA. A. Grishaeva0Zh. B. Ponezheva1M. I. Cherenova2O. V. Fedorova3Yu. A. Dobrokhotova4G. N. Khokhlov5Federal Budgetary Institution of Science Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Russian Inspectorate for the Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Well-Being; State Budgetary Healthcare Institution Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center "Kommunarka" of the Department of Healthcare of the City of MoscowFederal Budgetary Institution of Science Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, Russian Inspectorate for the Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Well-BeingFederal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationState Budgetary Healthcare Institution Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center "Kommunarka" of the Department of Healthcare of the City of Moscow; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationState Budgetary Healthcare Institution Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center "Kommunarka" of the Department of Healthcare of the City of Moscow; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationState Budgetary Healthcare Institution Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center "Kommunarka" of the Department of Healthcare of the City of Moscow; Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian FederationBackground. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement is an alternative route for virus entry into the target cells. In this process, cross-reactive antiviral antibodies improve the access of the virus to cells through interaction with specific receptors (complement receptors and Fc receptor on the cell surface), which leads to worsening of the infection. This phenomenon has been widely studied in dengue fever, however, at present its contribution to the pathogenesis of other viral infections remains poorly understood.Results. It has been shown that the development of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in dengue fever occurs with a secondary infection, in the case of infection with a different serotype of the virus from the primary infection. Antibodies produced during a primary infection are not able to completely neutralize another serotype of the virus, but instead bind to the virus and Fc receptors on cells, which contributes to increased penetration of the virus into these cells, increased replication and the development of a "cytokine storm" leading to increased capillary leakage and the development of hemorrhagic form of dengue fever. It has been noted that the development of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in coronavirus infections in animals seriously aggravates the course of the disease, however, the contribution of this syndrome to the COVID-19 clinic manifestations is poorly understood, while the constant change in the dominant virus genetic variant creates prerequisites for re-infection. Numerous studies of the Antibody-Dependent Enhancement made it possible to describe the possible mechanisms of its occurrence and to determine the necessary conditions for its development.Conclusion. Of particular concern is the phenomenon of a vaccine-associated enhancement of viral infection, which leads to a worsening of the viral infection with the formation of non-protective antibodies in patients after immunization. The introduction of vector vaccines into clinical practice has led to a significant increase in the risk of breakthrough infections and severe forms, which imposes restrictions on the use of these vaccines, and creates increased requirements for their development and testing.https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1109antibody-dependent enhancement of infectioncovid-19fc-receptors
spellingShingle A. A. Grishaeva
Zh. B. Ponezheva
M. I. Cherenova
O. V. Fedorova
Yu. A. Dobrokhotova
G. N. Khokhlov
Syndrome of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection
Лечащий Врач
antibody-dependent enhancement of infection
covid-19
fc-receptors
title Syndrome of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection
title_full Syndrome of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection
title_fullStr Syndrome of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection
title_full_unstemmed Syndrome of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection
title_short Syndrome of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection
title_sort syndrome of antibody dependent enhancement of infection
topic antibody-dependent enhancement of infection
covid-19
fc-receptors
url https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1109
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