Syndrome of antibody-dependent enhancement of infection
Background. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement is an alternative route for virus entry into the target cells. In this process, cross-reactive antiviral antibodies improve the access of the virus to cells through interaction with specific receptors (complement receptors and Fc receptor on the cell surfac...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
| Published: |
Open Systems Publication
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Лечащий Врач |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journal.lvrach.ru/jour/article/view/1109 |
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| Summary: | Background. Antibody-Dependent Enhancement is an alternative route for virus entry into the target cells. In this process, cross-reactive antiviral antibodies improve the access of the virus to cells through interaction with specific receptors (complement receptors and Fc receptor on the cell surface), which leads to worsening of the infection. This phenomenon has been widely studied in dengue fever, however, at present its contribution to the pathogenesis of other viral infections remains poorly understood.Results. It has been shown that the development of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in dengue fever occurs with a secondary infection, in the case of infection with a different serotype of the virus from the primary infection. Antibodies produced during a primary infection are not able to completely neutralize another serotype of the virus, but instead bind to the virus and Fc receptors on cells, which contributes to increased penetration of the virus into these cells, increased replication and the development of a "cytokine storm" leading to increased capillary leakage and the development of hemorrhagic form of dengue fever. It has been noted that the development of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement in coronavirus infections in animals seriously aggravates the course of the disease, however, the contribution of this syndrome to the COVID-19 clinic manifestations is poorly understood, while the constant change in the dominant virus genetic variant creates prerequisites for re-infection. Numerous studies of the Antibody-Dependent Enhancement made it possible to describe the possible mechanisms of its occurrence and to determine the necessary conditions for its development.Conclusion. Of particular concern is the phenomenon of a vaccine-associated enhancement of viral infection, which leads to a worsening of the viral infection with the formation of non-protective antibodies in patients after immunization. The introduction of vector vaccines into clinical practice has led to a significant increase in the risk of breakthrough infections and severe forms, which imposes restrictions on the use of these vaccines, and creates increased requirements for their development and testing. |
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| ISSN: | 1560-5175 2687-1181 |