Inflammation-like environments limit the loss of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

ABSTRACT Within-host environments are complex and multidimensional, making it challenging to link the evolutionary responses of colonizing pathogens to causal selective drivers. Loss of quorum sensing (QS) via mutation of the master regulator, lasR, is a common adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa d...

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Main Authors: Taoran Fu, Rosanna C. T. Wright, Danna R. Gifford, Christopher G. Knight, Michael A. Brockhurst
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Society for Microbiology 2025-08-01
Series:mSystems
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Online Access:https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msystems.01722-24
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author Taoran Fu
Rosanna C. T. Wright
Danna R. Gifford
Christopher G. Knight
Michael A. Brockhurst
author_facet Taoran Fu
Rosanna C. T. Wright
Danna R. Gifford
Christopher G. Knight
Michael A. Brockhurst
author_sort Taoran Fu
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Within-host environments are complex and multidimensional, making it challenging to link the evolutionary responses of colonizing pathogens to causal selective drivers. Loss of quorum sensing (QS) via mutation of the master regulator, lasR, is a common adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic infections. Here, we use experimental evolution in host-mimicking media to show that loss of QS is constrained by environmental factors associated with host inflammation. Specifically, environments combining oxidative stress and abundant free amino acids limited loss of QS, whereas QS loss was rapid in the absence of oxidative stress, regardless of amino acids. Under oxidative stress, lasR mutations were contingent upon first decoupling regulation of oxidative stress responses from QS via mutations in the promoter region of the primary catalase, katA, or in the oxidative stress regulator, oxyR, enabling maintenance of oxidative stress tolerance. Together, our findings suggest that host inflammatory responses likely delay the loss of QS while colonizers undergo stepwise evolution, first adapting to survive lethal stressors before responding to other nutritional selective drivers that favor loss of QS.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of chronic infections characterized by persistent inflammation. Host inflammatory responses alter within-host environments, including by increasing levels of antimicrobial stressors and releasing free amino acids through proteolysis. Here, we show stepwise adaptation of experimental P. aeruginosa populations to inflammation-like environments, first adapting to survive lethal stress by decoupling oxidative stress responses from quorum sensing (QS), before then adapting to the nutritional conditions, delaying the loss of quorum sensing. These results highlight the power of using laboratory evolution experiments to disentangle the multidimensional selective forces driving pathogen adaptation in complex within-host environments.
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spelling doaj-art-a654a44b73644e86a0a12f2ecef35a692025-08-20T03:07:37ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymSystems2379-50772025-08-0110810.1128/msystems.01722-24Inflammation-like environments limit the loss of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosaTaoran Fu0Rosanna C. T. Wright1Danna R. Gifford2Christopher G. Knight3Michael A. Brockhurst4Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United KingdomDivision of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United KingdomDivision of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United KingdomDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United KingdomDivision of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, England, United KingdomABSTRACT Within-host environments are complex and multidimensional, making it challenging to link the evolutionary responses of colonizing pathogens to causal selective drivers. Loss of quorum sensing (QS) via mutation of the master regulator, lasR, is a common adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during chronic infections. Here, we use experimental evolution in host-mimicking media to show that loss of QS is constrained by environmental factors associated with host inflammation. Specifically, environments combining oxidative stress and abundant free amino acids limited loss of QS, whereas QS loss was rapid in the absence of oxidative stress, regardless of amino acids. Under oxidative stress, lasR mutations were contingent upon first decoupling regulation of oxidative stress responses from QS via mutations in the promoter region of the primary catalase, katA, or in the oxidative stress regulator, oxyR, enabling maintenance of oxidative stress tolerance. Together, our findings suggest that host inflammatory responses likely delay the loss of QS while colonizers undergo stepwise evolution, first adapting to survive lethal stressors before responding to other nutritional selective drivers that favor loss of QS.IMPORTANCEPseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of chronic infections characterized by persistent inflammation. Host inflammatory responses alter within-host environments, including by increasing levels of antimicrobial stressors and releasing free amino acids through proteolysis. Here, we show stepwise adaptation of experimental P. aeruginosa populations to inflammation-like environments, first adapting to survive lethal stress by decoupling oxidative stress responses from quorum sensing (QS), before then adapting to the nutritional conditions, delaying the loss of quorum sensing. These results highlight the power of using laboratory evolution experiments to disentangle the multidimensional selective forces driving pathogen adaptation in complex within-host environments.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msystems.01722-24experimental evolutionquorum sensingchronic infectionpathogen evolutioncystic fibrosisPseudomonas aeruginosa
spellingShingle Taoran Fu
Rosanna C. T. Wright
Danna R. Gifford
Christopher G. Knight
Michael A. Brockhurst
Inflammation-like environments limit the loss of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
mSystems
experimental evolution
quorum sensing
chronic infection
pathogen evolution
cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title Inflammation-like environments limit the loss of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_full Inflammation-like environments limit the loss of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_fullStr Inflammation-like environments limit the loss of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_full_unstemmed Inflammation-like environments limit the loss of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_short Inflammation-like environments limit the loss of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
title_sort inflammation like environments limit the loss of quorum sensing in pseudomonas aeruginosa
topic experimental evolution
quorum sensing
chronic infection
pathogen evolution
cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
url https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msystems.01722-24
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AT dannargifford inflammationlikeenvironmentslimitthelossofquorumsensinginpseudomonasaeruginosa
AT christophergknight inflammationlikeenvironmentslimitthelossofquorumsensinginpseudomonasaeruginosa
AT michaelabrockhurst inflammationlikeenvironmentslimitthelossofquorumsensinginpseudomonasaeruginosa